Influence of exposure to children’s movies on television on theory-of- mind acquisition in preschoolers

Devi Rusli; Dian Novita Ariani; Nurmina Nurmina; Rinaldi Rinaldi

doi:10.31295/ijhms.v4n1.650

Authors

Devi Rusli
devirusli@fip.unp.ac.id
Faculty of Science Education, Psychology Department, Universitas Negeri Padang, 25131, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
Dian Novita Ariani Faculty of Psychology, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
Nurmina Nurmina Faculty of Science Education, Psychology Department, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, 25131, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
Rinaldi Rinaldi Faculty of Science Education, Psychology Department, Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, 25131, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia

Keywords:

children, movies, preschoolers, television, theory-of-mind

Abstract

Recently cases of harness which are conducted by children indicated that decrease capability of children understanding against other's mental states Children’s ability to grasp other’s mental states (theory of mind) is important in the context of socialization. Previous research has not investigated the duration in measuring the exposure of narrative media (children's movies on television), which is one of the impacts on the acquisition of ToM. The movie on television represents the relations between children and their mental state. This study aims to investigate the influence of exposure to children’s movies on television towards children's ToM acquisition among preschoolers. ToM was assessed using a ToM scale by Wellman and Liu, and exposure to children’s movies on television was measured with a questionnaire. The study has been conducted on 85 preschoolers ages 3–5 years old/36-71 months ((M = 4.88 SD = 0,683), with the involvement of their parents to fill the questionnaires. The result of this study shows that exposure to children's movies on television does not significantly influence children’s ToM. The strong relations between the two are considered false belief (FB) since the result of the study shows that.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Astington, J. W., & Jenkins, J. M. (1995). Theory of mind development and social understanding. Cognition & Emotion, 9(2-3), 151-165.

Baron-Cohen, S., Leslie, A. M., & Frith, U. (1985). Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”?. Cognition, 21(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(85)90022-8

Black, R. E., Morris, S. S., & Bryce, J. (2003). Where and why are 10 million children dying every year?. The lancet, 361(9376), 2226-2234. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13779-8

Bloom, P., & German, T. P. (2000). Two reasons to abandon the false belief task as a test of theory of mind. Cognition, 77(1), B25-B31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(00)00096-2

Cutting, A. L., & Dunn, J. (1999). Theory of mind, emotion understanding, language, and family background: Individual differences and interrelations. Child development, 70(4), 853-865.

Dyer, J. R., Shatz, M., & Wellman, H. M. (2000). Young children's storybooks as a source of mental state information. Cognitive Development, 15(1), 17-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2014(00)00017-4

Flavell, J. H.., & Miller, P. H. (1998). Social cognition. In D. Kuhn and R. S. Siegler. Handbook of child psychology, Vol.2, Cognition, perception, and language, 5th ed, (pp. 851–898), New York.

Guajardo, N. R., & Watson, A. C. (2002). Narrative discourse and theory of mind development. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 163(3), 305-325.

Haswadi, M., Syarifudin, S., & Rusdiawan, R. (2018). Children Phonological Acquisition for 3 to 5-Year-Olds. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 4(1), 16-21.

Kinnebrock, S., & Bilandzic, H. (2006). How to make a story work: Introducing the concept of narrativity into narrative persuasion.

Kuntoro, I. A., Saraswati, L., Peterson, C., & Slaughter, V. (2013). Micro-cultural influences on theory of mind development: A comparative study of middle-class and pemulung children in Jakarta, Indonesia. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 37(3), 266-273.

Mar, R. A., Tackett, J. L., & Moore, C. (2010). Exposure to media and theory-of-mind development in preschoolers. Cognitive Development, 25(1), 69-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2009.11.002

Marasabessy, N.B., & Suhron, M. (2020). Stress Family Experience And Profiles Of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha And Interleukin-10 Of Nuaulu Tribe Community With Hunting Activity In Mesoendemic Area Of Malaria. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. SRP, 11(11), 1886-1891.

Mishna, F., Saini, M., & Solomon, S. (2009). Ongoing and online: Children and youth's perceptions of cyber bullying. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(12), 1222-1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.05.004

Nathanson, A. I., Sharp, M. L., Aladé, F., Rasmussen, E. E., & Christy, K. (2013). The relation between television exposure and theory of mind among preschoolers. Journal of Communication, 63(6), 1088-1108.

Pears, K. C., & Moses, L. J. (2003). Demographics, parenting, and theory of mind in preschool children. Social development, 12(1), 1-20.

Ratner, N. K., & Olver, R. R. (1998). Reading a tale of deception, learning a theory of mind?. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 13(2), 219-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-2006(99)80036-2

Ruffman, T., Slade, L., & Crowe, E. (2002). The relation between children's and mothers’ mental state language and theory?of?mind understanding. Child development, 73(3), 734-751.

Rusli, D. (2020). Pengaruh Gaya Pengasuhan Autonomy dan Conformity Terhadap Perolehan Theory-of-Mind pada Anak Prasekolah di Sumatera Barat. Jurnal RAP (Riset Aktual Psikologi Universitas Negeri Padang), 11(2), 113-127.

Rusli, D., Kuntoro, I. A., Handayani, E., & Arben, A. (2020). The influence of individualism and collectivism parenting on theory-of-mind acquisition in children aged 3–5. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(9), 3053-3063.

Shahaeian, A., Peterson, C. C., Slaughter, V., & Wellman, H. M. (2011). Culture and the sequence of steps in theory of mind development. Developmental psychology, 47(5), 1239.

Shrum, L. J. (2004). The cognitive processes underlying cultivation effects are a function of whether the judgments are on-line or memory-based. Communications, 29(3), 327-344.

Slaughter, V., Dennis, M. J., & Pritchard, M. (2002). Theory of mind and peer acceptance in preschool children. British journal of developmental psychology, 20(4), 545-564.

Suhron M, Zainiyah Z., How Were Stress Family and INSR (Insulin Receptor) Expression in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Insulin Resistant in Madurese Tribe?: Indonesia. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. Vol 12(1), pp. 170-175. 2020

Suhron, M. (2016). Asuhan keperawatan konsep diri: Self esteem.

Suhron, M. (2017). Asuhan keperawatan jiwa konsep self esteem. Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media.

Suhron, M., & Amir, F. (2018). Reduce Violent Behavior Schizophrenia: A New Approach Using LT (Laughing Therapy) and DRT (Deep Relaxation Therapy). Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 9(8).

Suhron, M., Sulaihah, S., & Yusuf, A. H. (2017). Model of Potential Strengthening and Family Roles in Improving Family Members for ODGJ Adaptability. In Proceeding of The 2nd International Symposium of Public Health (pp. 344-351). Faculty of Public Health Universitas Airlangga.

Suhron, M., Yusuf, A., & Subarniati, R. (2019). Assessment of Stress Reactions and Identification of Family Experiences in Primary Care Post Restrain Schizophrenia in East Java Indonesia. Mix Method: Sequential Explanatory. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(12).

Suhron, M., Yusuf, A., Subarniati, R., Amir, F., & Zainiyah, Z. (2020). How does forgiveness therapy versus emotion-focused therapy reduce violent behavior schizophrenia post restrain at East Java, Indonesia?. International Journal of Public Health, 9(4), 314-319.

Van Mierlo, J. (2008). How to measure television exposure from a contents-received point of view? The use of different measures of television exposure in cultivation research.

Wellman, H. M., & Liu, D. (2004). Scaling of theory?of?mind tasks. Child development, 75(2), 523-541.

Wellman, H. M., Cross, D., & Watson, J. (2001). Meta?analysis of theory?of?mind development: The truth about false belief. Child development, 72(3), 655-684.

Wimmer, H., & Perner, J. (1983). Beliefs about beliefs: Representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception. Cognition, 13(1), 103-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(83)90004-5

Yusuf, A., Suhron, M., & Subarniati, R. (2019). Assessment of the Kempe Family Stress Inventory in self-care post-restrain schizophrenia. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 8(2), 55-59.