https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/ijllc/issue/feed 2026-08-23T13:41:38+00:00 Editorial Office ijllc@sloap.org Open Journal Systems <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>IJLLC&nbsp;</strong>is published in English and it is open to authors around the world regardless of the nationality. It is currently published six times a year, i.e. in&nbsp;<em>January, March, May, July, September,&nbsp;</em>and<em>&nbsp;November.&nbsp;</em></p> https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/ijllc/article/view/2620 2026-08-23T13:41:38+00:00 Ni Made Ramiati ramiatimade2@gmail.com Ida Ayu Putu Bintang ramiatimade2@gmail.com I Gusti Agung Istri Agung ramiatimade2@gmail.com

<p>The Lontar Tutur Aji Saraswati is a sacred manuscript written in the Kawi-Balinese script and language, containing theological, philosophical, and spiritual teachings of the Balinese Hindu community. This manuscript does not merely outline the rituals for worshipping Goddess Saraswati on Saraswati Day; it also preserves profound concepts regarding the nature of God (Brahman/Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa), His manifestations within the Tri Murti, and the relationship between sacred syllables, the divine word (sabda), and the creation of the universe. This study aims to examine the theological concept of divinity contained in the Lontar Tutur Aji Saraswati using a qualitative approach involving textual hermeneutics and library research. Primary data consisting of the transliteration and translation of the Tutur Aji Saraswati text were analyzed alongside secondary data from various philological and Hindu theological studies. The findings indicate that the concept of divinity in this manuscript is characterized by transcendent-immanent monotheism (panentheism): The One God (Ekam Sat) exists as Nirguna Brahman (formless/attributeless) while simultaneously manifesting as Saguna Brahman (with attributes/form) through the Tri Murti (Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva) and other deities including Goddess Saraswati, who serves as the Shakti or manifestation of the widya (knowledge) aspect of God.&nbsp;</p>

2026-08-23T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 International journal of linguistics, literature and culture https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/ijllc/article/view/2615 2026-07-30T07:57:39+00:00 Sampa Das sampadas.cse@sittechno.edu.in

<p>Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Deep Network (DN) enable natural language processing (NLP) has empowered Automated short Answer Grading (ASAG) models. Products are now more versatile across domain independent applications. The user however still sees them as operational black boxes and where specific fine tuning is not possible. Results, evaluated and compared over several standard metrics brings out the performance measures in clearly fathomable units. The word empowers technologically uninitiated users, mostly in evaluation to make an educated choice of the technical best suited for ASAG of a specific context based on pre-existing indicators like language ability and native language.</p>

2026-08-01T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 International journal of linguistics, literature and culture