https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/ijllc <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>IJLLC&nbsp;</strong>is published in English and it is open to authors around the world regardless of the nationality. It is currently published six times a year, i.e. in&nbsp;<em>January, March, May, July, September,&nbsp;</em>and<em>&nbsp;November.&nbsp;</em></p> Scientific and Literature Open Access Publishing en-US International journal of linguistics, literature and culture 2455-8028 <p>Articles published in the International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture (<strong>IJLLC</strong>) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CC BY-NC-ND 4.0</a>). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant <strong>IJLLC&nbsp;</strong>right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.</p> <p>Articles published in <strong>IJLLC&nbsp;</strong>can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (<em>e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book</em>), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.</p> <p>This copyright notice applies to articles published in <strong>IJLLC&nbsp;</strong>volumes 6 onwards. Please read about the copyright notices for previous volumes under&nbsp;<a href="https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/ijllc/history">Journal History</a>.</p> https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/ijllc/article/view/2594 <p>Within Ecuador, a worrying decline in reading levels has been observed among students. Underlying these declines are difficulties in text comprehension, an inability to summarize or paraphrase what they read, poor quality of responses to comprehension questions, and difficulty identifying the main plot of a text. The objective was to establish a teaching strategy for developing reading comprehension in elementary school students (ages 6 to 8) at the "Tosagua" Educational Unit in the Tosagua Canton. The research was conducted from a mixed approach, employing the theoretical methods of analysis-synthesis, historical-logical analysis, systemic approach, and content analysis. The results showed that the proposal is viable and responds to the needs of teachers and families to contribute to the development of reading comprehension in children, with the consequent improvement of performance in school, family, and social contexts.</p> Virginia Elizabeth Ureta-Velásquez María Mercedes Marcillo-Zambrano Copyright (c) 2025 International journal of linguistics, literature and culture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2026-02-06 2026-02-06 12 2 23 36 10.21744/ijllc.v12n2.2594 https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/ijllc/article/view/2587 <p>Today, practical communication skills are crucial at all levels. The dynamic changes in the educational landscape have affected students' public speaking abilities, especially since classes were held online. Most public speakers are trained, but they still get nervous when speaking in front of an audience. Speakers and learners cannot convey ideas and concepts fluently when stressed.</p> <p>This study looked into undergraduate public speaking anxiety, its causes, and possible interventions. The study used a quantitative research design to determine the causes of public speaking anxiety in 100 college students. The findings show that students fear public speaking due to a lack of confidence. Moreover, audience size significantly impacts students’ performance and nervousness. The results also revealed that being involved in public speaking activities will aid students to present better, and that students believe they can reduce their fear by using different strategies and reaching for professional help.</p> CANDYLYN ALUNDAY Copyright (c) 2026 International journal of linguistics, literature and culture http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 2025-12-25 2025-12-25 12 2