International research journal of engineering, IT and scientific research

Educational and technological resources in higher education at Uleam Extensions and Campuses

Holger José Muñoz-Ponce — 2026-06-11

The use of educational and technological resources by faculty has become a fundamental element in strengthening teaching and learning processes, enabling the diversification of teaching strategies, improving content comprehension, and promoting student participation. The objective of this research was to analyze how faculty members use the didactic and technological resources at the extensions and campuses of the Eloy Alfaro Lay University of Manabí during the 2025 academic year. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach, drawing on both inductive and deductive methods. The results show that faculty members frequently incorporate technological and didactic resources into their classes, recognizing their importance in energizing the educational process. However, the reality is that the quality of higher education depends not only on the availability of technological resources but also on the faculty's ability to use them in a planned, coherent manner, oriented toward future meaningful institutional learning.

Development of risk-based Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) standards for maintenance and care work on LRT (Light Rail Transit) station building infrastructure to improve safety performance

Grace Oktavina Marpaung — 2026-07-03

This study aims to review the current maintenance and care system, formulate WBS standards, and identify and analyze risk factors that affect safety performance in the maintenance and care of LRT station buildings. The risk factors analyzed include material, equipment, workers, and environmental/public aspects. Furthermore, this study develops a model of the relationship between risks in the WBS structure and safety performance and formulates the development of risk-based WBS standards to improve safety performance. The research method used is a quantitative approach through the distribution of questionnaires to respondents involved in the maintenance and care of Jabodebek LRT station buildings. The data obtained will be analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) method to test the relationship between WBS standard variables, risk factors, risk-based WBS, and safety performance. The expected results of this research are the preparation of a risk-based WBS standard that is integrated with the main risk factors in each work activity, so that it can be used as a reference in efforts to prevent, reduce, and control the risk of work accidents and improve safety performance in maintenance and care work for LRT station buildings.

Development of WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) standards on risk-based urban drainage projects to improve implementation time performance

Muhammad Nurkhalid Hassan Sulistiono — 2026-07-03

This study aims to develop a standard WBS (Work Breakdown Structure) for urban drainage projects and identify risk factors that affect project schedule performance. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach involving a literature review, expert validation, a preliminary survey, a respondent survey, a risk analysis, and the Delphi method. Data collection was conducted through six stages: initial WBS expert validation, final WBS expert validation, initial risk expert validation, a preliminary survey, a respondent survey, and final risk expert validation. Respondents consisted of construction practitioners involved in urban drainage projects, while expert validation was conducted by experienced professionals in the fields of construction and project management. The results show that a standard WBS for urban drainage projects consists of six levels: project level, work group, work type, work package, work activity, and resources, including materials, equipment, and labor. Furthermore, of the 71 risk variables identified from the literature and previous studies, 61 risk variables were validated by experts as variables that impact project schedule performance. These validated risks were then integrated into the relevant WBS elements. This study is used as a guideline for project planning and control to improve schedule performance and support more effective project implementation.

The effect of choosing slab thickening or adding secondary beams on the cost of reinforced concrete structure

I Wayan Intara — 2026-07-27

In the implementation of structural work, structural component problems are often encountered. Some of these problems occur in the slab and beam components. This study aims to design floor slabs and beams for general spans in the field. The structural model analyzed is a 2-story school building located in the Jimbaran area, Nusa Dua. The floor slab is designed as a 2-way slab. The loading is adjusted to SNI 1727-2013, and the design of reinforced concrete structures is adjusted to SNI 2847-2012. From the planning results, the thickness of the slab without beams in general spans is 8x8 meters, which is 31 cm, 6x6 meters is 22 cm, 4x4 meters is 15 cm, and 3x3 meters is 12 cm. While the thickness of the 12 cm plate is determined to produce the dimensions and number of beams in the general span, namely 8x8 meters, which is 25/50 cm, totaling 2 in the vertical direction 6x6 meters, namely 20/35 cm in the vertical and horizontal directions 4x4 meters in the 20/30 cm, one in the horizontal direction.

Integrated Conservation Edu-Tourism (ICET) Model: An ergonomic SHIP approaches

Lilik Sudiajeng — 2026-07-27

Background: Environmental degradation, particularly the global groundwater crisis, necessitates a fundamental shift in human behaviour towards more sustainable resource management. Objective: This study aims to design and evaluate an Integrated Conservation Edu-tourism (ICET) model in the Sulangai Tourism Village, Bali, with a focus on bridging the gap between technical conservation and experiential tourism. Methodology: The model was developed using the Ergonomics SHIP (Systemic, Holistic, Interdisciplinary, and Participatory) approach. This action research integrated technical infrastructure strengthening, such as Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) recharge wells, with human capital development through training and mentoring. The performance was measured using a pre-test and post-test framework to assess changes in community competency and awareness. Results: The SWOT analysis positioned the project in the "Aggressive Zone," indicating strong potential for growth-oriented strategies. Post-intervention results showed a significant increase in technical competency, particularly in water conservation and waste management, with technical skills surging by 15.17%. Furthermore, 83.90% of participants expressed readiness to serve as Disaster Response Village Squads. Conclusion: The ICET model effectively transforms the delivery of passive tourist experiences into active conservation participation, empowering local communities in managing the ICET and becoming competent environmental stewards. This approach provides a scalable blueprint for sustainable rural tourism.

Value engineering for cost optimization of architectural works in a public office building project: A case study in Badung, Indonesia

I Wayan Sudiasa — 2026-07-27

Cost pressure in building projects can lead to incomplete work or scope reduction when expenditure is not systematically aligned with required functions. This study evaluates the application of value engineering (VE) to architectural works in the construction of the Perumda Air Minum Tirta Mangutama office building in Badung Regency, Indonesia. A quantitative case-study approach was applied using an adapted four-phase VE workflow consisting of information, creative, analysis, and recommendation phases. Project cost data, drawings, work specifications, unit-price analyses, interviews with project parties, and market-price surveys were used. A Pareto-based screening identified 15 high-cost items from 49 architectural work items. Alternatives were then assessed using five criteria—cost, quality, time, constructability, and aesthetics—with reported weights of 33.33%, 26.67%, 20.00%, 13.33%, and 6.67%, respectively, using a Zero-One-based prioritization and evaluation matrix. Seven alternatives were recommended. Their combined baseline cost was IDR 1.470 billion, and the proposed alternatives reduced this to IDR 1.208 billion, producing a saving of IDR 261.90 million. This corresponds to 17.82% of the seven selected items and 5.87% of the analyzed architectural-work cost of IDR 4.462 billion. The largest saving was obtained from replacing the Bengkirai timber stair railing with a hollow-steel railing (IDR 77.38 million).