Utilization of Durian Durio Zibethinus seed flour and Kelakai Stenochlaena palustris  leaf flour formulation as feed for Nile Tilapia  Oreochromis niloticus

Restu Bakrie; Bambang Sulistiyarto

doi:10.21744/ijcms.v5n1.2034

Authors

Restu Bakrie
restului@gmail.com
Faculty of Fisheries, Palangka Raya Christian University, Indonesia
Bambang Sulistiyarto Faculty of Fisheries, Palangka Raya Christian University, Indonesia

Keywords:

durian seed, growth fish, Kelakai leaf, Nile tilapia

Abstract

Small-scale fish farmers have financial limitations to buy expensive commercial pellets to meet fish feed needs. Therefore, it is necessary to find alternative feeds that are cheap and able to support fish growth. Durian seeds (Durio Zibethinus) and Kelakai leaves (Stenochlaena palustris) are potential plant materials for additional fish feed which are abundant in Central Kalimantan Province. This study aims to determine whether additional feed formulations made from durian seed meal andelakai leaf meal can provide significant growth in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) rearing. The study used an experimental approach with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The feed formulation is a mixture of pellets with 95% durian seed meal and 5% melakai leaf meal. Additional feeding is based on the following treatment: Treatment A, given commercial feed made by the factory brand MS prima Feed 1000 as much as 5% of the total weight of the fish kept, Treatment B: given formulated feed (90% pellets + 10% durian seed flour and kelakai leaf flour) as much as 5% of the total weight per day, Treatment C: given formulated feed (95% pellets + 5% mixture of durian seed flour and kelakai leaf flour) as much as 5% of the total fish weight per day. The results showed that the feeding of pellet formulations with durian seed flour and kelakai leaf flour as much as 10 % of body weight per day resulted in the highest growth in length and weight of fish. Thus durian seed flour and Kelakai leaf flour can be used as additional feed for Nile tilapia to help increase fish growth and reduce fish feed costs.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Amid, B. T., & Mirhosseini, H. (2012). Optimisation of aqueous extraction of gum from durian (Durio zibethinus) seed: A potential, low cost source of hydrocolloid. Food chemistry, 132(3), 1258-1268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.099

Amin, A. M., Ahmad, A. S., Yin, Y. Y., Yahya, N., & Ibrahim, N. (2007). Extraction, purification and characterization of durian (Durio zibethinus) seed gum. Food hydrocolloids, 21(2), 273-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2006.04.004

AOAC, (2000). Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical

Chemists, 19th edition, Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington.

Benli, A. Ç. K., Köksal, G., & Özkul, A. (2008). Sublethal ammonia exposure of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.): Effects on gill, liver and kidney histology. Chemosphere, 72(9), 1355-1358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.04.037

Bhujel, R. C. (2000). A review of strategies for the management of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodfish in seed production systems, especially hapa-based systems. Aquaculture, 181(1-2), 37-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00217-3

Boyd, C. E. (1982). Water quality management for pond fish culture. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co..

Chai, T. T., Kwek, M. T., Ong, H. C., & Wong, F. C. (2015). Water fraction of edible medicinal fern Stenochlaena palustris is a potent ?-glucosidase inhibitor with concurrent antioxidant activity. Food chemistry, 186, 26-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.12.099

CHOTIMAH, H. E. N. C., MULIANSYAH, M., WIDYAWATI, W., PITRAMA, P., & SUPARTO, H. (2022). Species, nutritional value, and elemental content of Stenochlaena distributed in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(10).

Christin, Y., Restu, I. W., & Kartika, G. R. A. (2022). Laju Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) pada Tiga Sistem Resirkulasi yang Berbeda. Current Trends in Aquatic Science, 4(2), 122-127.

Darmadi, N. M., Edi, D. G. S., & Kawan, I. M. (2017). The Improvement of Food Quality and Safety of Fish Skin Crackers in Serangan Bali. International Research Journal of Engineering, IT and Scientific Research, 3(6), 125-135.

Dauhan, R. E. S., & Efendi, E. (2014). Efektifitas sistem akuaponik dalam mereduksi konsentrasi amonia pada sistem budidaya ikan. E-Jurnal rekayasa dan teknologi budidaya perairan, 3(1), 297-302.

Duborrow, R.H., Crosby, D.M, & Brunson, M.W. (1997). Amonia in Fish Ponds. SRAC Publication No.463.

Effendi, H., Utomo, B. A., Darmawangsa, G. M., & Karo-Karo, R. E. (2015). Fitoremediasi limbah budidaya ikan lele (Clarias sp.) dengan kangkung (Ipomoea aquatica) dan pakcoy (Brassica rapa chinensis) dalam sistem resirkulasi. Ecolab, 9(2), 80-92.

Ermayanti, N. G. A. M., Oka, I. G. L., Mahardika, I. G., & Suyadnya, I. P. (2016). Free testosterone level and quality of cauda epididymis sperm of local rabbit that given commercial feed supplemented by cod fish liver oil. International Research Journal of Engineering, IT and Scientific Research, 2(3), 1-8.

Ghufran, (2009). Budidaya Nila Unggul. AgroMedia Pustaka. Jakarta. (in Indonesian).

Handajani, H., Andriawan, S., Reza, G., & Warkoyo, W. (2021). Enrichment of commercial feed with plant proteins for Oreochromis niloticus diet: digestibility and growth performance. AACL Bioflux, 14(5), 2894-2904.

Hasbullah, D., Karim, M. Y., & Trijuno, D. D. (2018). Physiological performance of osmotic work, survival, and growth rate of hybridized brackish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles at various salinities. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 11(2), 327-332.

Hien, T. T., Phu, T. M., & Tu, T. L. (2022). Effects of temperature and salinity on survival, growth and utilization of energy, protein and amino acids in red hybrid tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus x O. niloticus at different feeding rates. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 15(1), 327-338.

Ho, L. H., & Bhat, R. (2015). Exploring the potential nutraceutical values of durian (Durio zibethinus L.)–An exotic tropical fruit. Food Chemistry, 168, 80-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.020

Jaspe, C. J., & Caipang, C. M. (2011). Increasing salinity tolerance in tilapias: selective breeding using locally available strains. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation, 4(4), 437-441.

Kawuri, L. (2012). Kondisi Perairan Berdasarkan Bioindikator Makrobentos Di Sungai Seketak Tembalang Kota Semarang. Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES), 1(1), 1-5.

Köprücü, K., & Özdemir, Y. (2005). Apparent digestibility of selected feed ingredients for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Aquaculture, 250(1-2), 308-316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.12.003

Liu, H., Orjala, J., Rali, T., & Sticher, O. (1998). Glycosides from Stenochlaena palustris. Phytochemistry, 49(8), 2403-2408. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00352-5

Mangisah, I., Ismadi, V. D. Y. B., Sukamto, B., Wahyono, F., & Sugiharto, S. (2020). Durian seed meal for commercial layers: performance, nutrient retention and egg quality. Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture, 45(4), 298-304.

Manuel, E., Gutierreez, R., & Naorbe, M. (2020). Water lettuce and water spinach as potential feed ingredients for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.

Norhayati, I. F., & Bijaksana, A. U. (2019). Effectiveness of the addition of kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) extracts in commercial pellet as immuno stimulant for snakehead (Channa striata). Int J Innov Stud Aquat Biol Fish, 6(8-17).

Nuraini, A. D., & Mahata, M. E. (2015). Improving the nutrient quality of durian (Durio zibethinus) fruit waste through fermentation by using Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Neurospora crassa for poultry diet. Int. J. Poult. Sci, 14, 354-358.

Nuryanto, N., Afifah, D. N., Sulchan, M., Martosuyono, P., Ihsani, K., & Kurniastuti, P. L. (2022). Potential of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as an Alternative Complementary Food Ingredient for Stunting Children. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(A), 1170-1177.

Purnama, N., Said, I., & Rahmawati, S. (2022). The use of durian seeds (Durio zibethinus Murr) as flour products from Tolitoli and Donggala Regencies. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management), 12(3), 478-484.

Putri, R., Terimasari, E., Proyogi, A., Al Iman, B., & Fanhar, S. (2020). Performance of dairy cows fed diet containing concentrate with fermented Durio zibethinus peel. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan, 30(1), 29-39.

Radhakrishnan, G., Shivkumar, V. S. M., Yashwanth, B. S., Pinto, N., Pradeep, A., & Prathik, M. R. (2020). Dietary protein requirement for maintenance, growth, and reproduction in fish: A review.

Sifa, L., Chenhong, L., Dey, M., Gagalac, F., & Dunham, R. (2002). Cold tolerance of three strains of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in China. Aquaculture, 213(1-4), 123-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00068-6

Siskawati, M. (2022). Pengaruh pemberian pakan berbasis fermentasi daun kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) dengan dosis probiotik yang berbeda terhadap peforma pertumbuhan ikan Papuyu (Anabas testudineus Bloch). Universitas Lambung Mangkurat. (in Indonesian).

Swistock, B. R., Sharpe, W. E., McCarty, T. (2006). Water Quality Concerns for Ponds. College of Agricultural Sciences Cooperative Extension School of Forest Resources, Pennsylvania State University.

Thongkum, M., McAtee, P. M., Schaffer, R. J., Allan, A. C., & Ketsa, S. (2018). Characterization and differential expression of ethylene receptor genes during fruit development and dehiscence of durian (Durio zibethinus). Scientia Horticulturae, 240, 623-630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.052