The relationship between saliva 17 beta-estradiol levels with anxiety and depression in menopause paramedic at Prof I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar

Petrus Agustinus Seda Sega; Anak Ayu Sri Wahyuni; Ni Ketut Sri Diniari; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra

doi:10.21744/ijhms.v6n3.2159

Authors

Petrus Agustinus Seda Sega
PetrusAgustinus@yahoo.com
Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Anak Ayu Sri Wahyuni Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia | Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Ni Ketut Sri Diniari Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia | Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra Udayana University, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

Keywords:

17β estradiol salivary levels, anxiety, depression, estradiol, estrogen, hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS)

Abstract

Background: Hospital Services rely on Medical and Paramedics at the Hospital, Hospital Paramedic services, especially women, are greatly influenced by mood, in women it is especially influenced by hormonal balance, including menstruation and menopause. The drop in estrogen levels after menopause causes many physical and emotional changes. Estradiol is the largest estrogen. It is estimated that the number of women who have menopause will experience a very significant increase of estradiol. Methods: An analytic observational study with a cross-sectional study design on 85 menopausal paramedics at Prof I.G.N.G Ngoerah Hospital Denpasar using a Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire and examined salivary levels of 17? estradiol and looked for its relationship with anxiety and depression. Results: Based on the low salivary 17? estradiol level of the sample aged above 50 years (76.5%). Outpatient (75%), underweight (100%), married status (74.4%), and sample >5 years (76.5%). It is also a significant result where the salivary 17? estradiol level is lower in the sample compared to anxiety and depression complaints, with the chi-square test (p-value = <0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between low salivary 17? estradiol levels and complaints of anxiety and depression in menopausal paramedics.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agha-Hosseini, F., & Mirzaii-Dizgah, I. (2012). Unstimulated saliva 17?-estradiol and xerostomia in menopause. Gynecological Endocrinology, 28(3), 199-202.

Agha-Hosseini, F., Mirzaii-Dizgah, I., Mansourian, A., & Khayamzadeh, M. (2009). Relationship of stimulated saliva 17?-estradiol and oral dryness feeling in menopause. Maturitas, 62(2), 197-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2008.10.016

Azcoitia, I., Yague, J. G., & Garcia-Segura, L. M. (2011). Estradiol synthesis within the human brain. Neuroscience, 191, 139-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.012

Baziad, A. (2008). Endokrinologi ginekologi. Jakarta: Meda Aesculapius FKUI.

Bimonte, H. A., & Denenberg, V. H. (1999). Estradiol facilitates performance as working memory load increases. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 24(2), 161-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4530(98)00068-7

Bryant, C., Judd, F. K., & Hickey, M. (2012). Anxiety during the menopausal transition: a systematic review. Journal of affective disorders, 139(2), 141-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.06.055

Cassano, P., & Fava, M. (2002). Depression and public health: an overview. Journal of psychosomatic research, 53(4), 849-857. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00304-5

Cauley, J. A. (2015). Estrogen and bone health in men and women. Steroids, 99, 11-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2014.12.010

Deeks, A. A., Gibson-Helm, M., Teede, H., & Vincent, A. (2011). Premature menopause: a comprehensive understanding of psychosocial aspects. Climacteric, 14(5), 565-572.

Emaus, A., Espetvedt, S., Veierød, M. B., Ballard-Barbash, R., Furberg, A. S., Ellison, P. T., ... & Thune, I. (2008). 17-?-Estradiol in relation to age at menarche and adult obesity in premenopausal women. Human reproduction, 23(4), 919-927.

Fischl, F. (2001). Menopause-Andropause. Hormone replacement therapy through the ages. New cognition and therapy concepts, 115-131.

Goodman, S. H., Rouse, M. H., Connell, A. M., Broth, M. R., Hall, C. M., & Heyward, D. (2011). Maternal depression and child psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical child and family psychology review, 14, 1-27.

Indrias, H. D., & Maliya, A. (2015). Hubungan antara perubahan fisik dengan perubahan psikologis wanita pada masa menopause di Kelurahan Pucang Sawit Kecamatan Jebres (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta).

Jafari, F., Hadizadeh, M. H., Zabihi, R., & Ganji, K. (2014). Comparison of depression, anxiety, quality of life, vitality and mental health between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Climacteric, 17(6), 660-665.

Kushner, P. J., Agard, D. A., Greene, G. L., Scanlan, T. S., Shiau, A. K., Uht, R. M., & Webb, P. (2000). Estrogen receptor pathways to AP-1. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology, 74(5), 311-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0760(00)00108-4

Lee, S. A., Jobe, M. C., Mathis, A. A., & Gibbons, J. A. (2020). Incremental validity of coronaphobia: Coronavirus anxiety explains depression, generalized anxiety, and death anxiety. Journal of anxiety disorders, 74, 102268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102268

Lubis, Z. S. (2011). Hubungan Menopause dengan Terjadinya Xerostomia pada Anggota Perwiritan Nurul Ihsan Kelurahan Payaroba Kecamatan Binjai Barat. Skripsi. Medan: Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Sumatera Utara, 28-36.

McKay, K. M., Imel, Z. E., & Wampold, B. E. (2006). Psychiatrist effects in the psychopharmacological treatment of depression. Journal of affective disorders, 92(2-3), 287-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2006.01.020

Metintas, S. E. L. M. A., Arýkan, I., Kalyoncu, C., & Ozalp, S. (2010). Menopause Rating Scale as a screening tool in rural Turkey. Rural and remote health, 10(1), 27-37.

Mitchell, A. J., Meader, N., & Symonds, P. (2010). Diagnostic validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in cancer and palliative settings: a meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders, 126(3), 335-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2010.01.067

Rostiana, T., & Kurniati, N. M. T. (2009). Kecemasan pada wanita yang menghadapi menopause. Jurnal Psikologi Volume, 3(1), 76.

Ruotsalainen, J. H., Verbeek, J. H., Mariné, A., & Serra, C. (2014). Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (11).

Sherwood, L. (2014). Fisiologi Manusia; Dari sel ke sistem (Introduction to Human Physiology). Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.

Sopiyudin Dahlan, M. (2013). Besar sampel dan cara pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian kedokteran dan kesehatan. Salemba Med, 73.

Speroff, L. (1983). GlAss rH, KAse nG. Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility, 7, 621-688.

Windarwati, H. D., Aji Budiman, A., Nova, R., & Laras At, N. A. (2020). The relationship between family harmony with stress, anxiety, and depression in adolescents.

Yun, C. H. E. N. G., Xue-tao, G. U. O., Xin-ru, C. O. N. G., & Hui-ping, L. I. U. (2015). Correlation of Menopause Symptoms with Anxiety and Depression. Journal of International Reproductive Health/Family Planning, 34(2).