Parenting models, spirituality and personality disorders in adolescence: A literature review

Angela Azalia Trisna Putri; Nyoman Widhyalestari Parwatha; I Putu Belly Sutrisna; I Gusti Rai Putra Wiguna

doi:10.21744/ijhms.v7n2.2279

Authors

Angela Azalia Trisna Putri
Angela.azalia95@gmail.com
General Practitioner, Department of Psychiatry Wangaya Regional General Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
Nyoman Widhyalestari Parwatha Psychiatrist, Department of Psychiatry Wangaya Regional General Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia
I Putu Belly Sutrisna Wangaya Regional General Hospital, Denpasar | Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia
I Gusti Rai Putra Wiguna Wangaya Regional General Hospital, Denpasar | Udayana University, Denpasar, Indonesia

Abstract

Recently, many patients have been diagnosed with personality disorders. Personality disorders are often the underlying factor of other mental disorders. Personality disorders can coexist with other mental disorders, leading to worse outcomes. Personality disorders occur due to multifactorial factors, and one of them that is considered to play a role is parenting style and spirituality.This article contains a literature review from various literatures to analyze parenting styles, spirituality and personality disorders.Authoritative parenting develops high self-esteem, social competence, adaptive coping mechanisms, and healthy personality traits, so that the risk of developing Personality Disorder is low. Authoritarian parenting has a risk of developing PD that features rigidity, obedience, inflexible behavior patterns, and aggression such as Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). Children who are raised permissively have a higher risk of being impulsive and emotionally unstable, such as Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Neglected parenting triggers emotional detachment, schizoid and antisocial personality disorders. Spirituality has a significant impact on mental health, as a protective factor against personality disorders. Religion and spirituality improve mental health by strengthening religious coping, support, belief. Parenting styles, spirituality and personality disorders is complex and varied.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1977). Social learning theory (Vol. 1). Prentice Hall: Englewood cliffs.

Bennett, K., Shepherd, J., & Janca, A. (2013). Personality disorders and spirituality. Current opinion in psychiatry, 26(1), 79-83.

Bibi, S., Rohail, I., & Akhtar, T. (2021). Overprotecting Parenting Style and Dependent Personality Disorder: A Case Study. Scientific Journal of Neurology & Neurosurgery ISSN, 2640, 5733.

Boland, R. J., Verduin, M. L., & Ruiz, P. (2022). Obsessive-Compulsive and realted disorders. Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry, 415-428.

Bowlby, J. (1973). 1980, Attachment and Loss. 1968, Volume 1: Attachment.

Bozzatello, P., Garbarini, C., Rocca, P., & Bellino, S. (2021). Borderline personality disorder: Risk factors and early detection. Diagnostics, 11(11), 2142.

Camilo, C., Garrido, M. V., & Calheiros, M. M. (2022). Parental attitudes in child maltreatment. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(5-6), 2920-2947.

Cassidy, J., Jones, J. D., & Shaver, P. R. (2013). Contributions of attachment theory and research: A framework for future research, translation, and policy. Development and psychopathology, 25(4pt2), 1415-1434.

Cassin, S. E., & von Ranson, K. M. (2005). Personality and eating disorders: a decade in review. Clinical psychology review, 25(7), 895-916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2005.04.012

Crowell, S. E., Beauchaine, T. P., & Linehan, M. M. (2009). A biosocial developmental model of borderline personality: elaborating and extending Linehan’s theory. Psychological bulletin, 135(3), 495.

Daaleman, T. P., Cobb, A. K., & Frey, B. B. (2001). Spirituality and well-being: an exploratory study of the patient perspective. Social Science & Medicine, 53(11), 1503-1511. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00439-1

Dereboy, F., Dereboy, Ç., Kacar Ba?aran, S., K?rc? Dall?o?lu, Ç., & Aslan Kunt, D. (2022). Prevalence of Personality Disorder Diagnosed with SCID-II Among Psychiatry Patients in Turkey: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 2. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi.

Fariba, K. A., Gupta, V., & Kass, E. (2023). Personality disorder. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.

Farrington, D. P. (2005). Childhood origins of antisocial behavior. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 12(3), 177-190.

Gallarin, M., & Alonso-Arbiol, I. (2012). Parenting practices, parental attachment and aggressiveness in adolescence: A predictive model. Journal of adolescence, 35(6), 1601-1610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.07.002

Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39(3), 281-291.

Ha, C., Sharp, C., Ensink, K., Fonagy, P., & Cirino, P. (2013). The measurement of reflective function in adolescents with and without borderline traits. Journal of adolescence, 36(6), 1215-1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.09.008

Havighurst, S. S., Radovini, A., Hao, B., & Kehoe, C. E. (2020). Emotion-focused parenting interventions for prevention and treatment of child and adolescent mental health problems: a review of recent literature. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 33(6), 586-601.

Henschel, C. (2014). The effects of parenting style on the development of narcissism. Behavioral Health, 1(1), 1-8.

Horton, R. S., Bleau, G., & Drwecki, B. (2006). Parenting narcissus: What are the links between parenting and narcissism?. Journal of personality, 74(2), 345-376.

Ismail, F., Nasiruddin, K., & Ismail, F. (2016). Parent trap”: Review of management styles in the context of parents and youth development. International Journal of Accounting & Business Management, 4(2), 65-73.

Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P., Chen, H., Kasen, S., & Brook, J. S. (2006). Parenting behaviors associated with risk for offspring personality disorder during adulthood. Archives of general psychiatry, 63(5), 579-587.

Karolinsky, L. (2019). Mother’s Parenting Style and Its Impact on the Development of Avoidant Personality Disorder among Israeli Children. Social Research Reports, 11(2), 9-19.

Kaur, M., & Sanches, M. (2023). Parenting role in the development of borderline personality disorder. Psychopathology, 56(1-2), 109-116.

Keng, S. L., & Soh, C. Y. (2018). Association between childhood invalidation and borderline personality symptoms: self-construal and conformity as moderating factors. Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation, 5, 1-9.

Kerr, M., Stattin, H., & Burk, W. J. (2010). A reinterpretation of parental monitoring in longitudinal perspective. Journal of research on Adolescence, 20(1), 39-64.

Kochanska, G., Barry, R. A., Stellern, S. A., & O’Bleness, J. J. (2009). Early attachment organization moderates the parent–child mutually coercive pathway to children’s antisocial conduct. Child development, 80(4), 1288-1300.

Koenig, H. G., Al Zaben, F., & Khalifa, D. A. (2012). Religion, spirituality and mental health in the West and the Middle East. Asian journal of psychiatry, 5(2), 180-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2012.04.004

Küng, A. L., Pham, E., Cordera, P., Hasler, R., Aubry, J. M., Dayer, A., ... & Piguet, C. (2019). Psychiatric disorders among offspring of patients with Bipolar and Borderline Personality Disorder. Journal of clinical psychology, 75(10), 1810-1819.

Lenzenweger, M. F. (2008). Epidemiology of personality disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31(3), 395-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2008.03.003

Maddukuri, A., and Mahapatra, M. (2023). Impact of Spiritual Beliefs on Mental Health and Personality. TuijinJishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology, 44(4), 53.

Maramis, W. F., & Maramis, A. A. (2009). Catatan ilmu kedokteran jiwa edisi 2. airlangga university Press.

McLaughlin, K. A., Sheridan, M. A., & Lambert, H. K. (2014). Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 47, 578-591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.012

Miller, J. D., & Campbell, W. K. (2008). Comparing clinical and social?personality conceptualizations of narcissism. Journal of personality, 76(3), 449-476.

Ni, C., & Wang, Y. (2022). Negative Parenting Practices, Childhood Trauma, and Paranoid Personality Disorder. In 2022 6th International Seminar on Education, Management and Social Sciences (ISEMSS 2022) (pp. 2404-2413). Atlantis Press.

Pan, B., & Wang, W. (2024). Practical implications of ICD-11 personality disorder classifications. BMC psychiatry, 24(1), 191.

Reich, R. B., Vera, S. C., Marino, M. F., Levin, A., Yong, L., & Frankenburg, F. R. (1997). Reported pathological childhood experiences associated with the development of borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 154(8), 11011106.

Roussiau, N., Bellehumeur, C. R., Bilodeau, C., Navarro, O., Bailly, N., Tapia-Fonllem, C., ... & Renard, E. (2023). Spirituality and positive psychology. Frontiers in psychology, 14, 1202359.

Sanders, M. R., Kirby, J. N., Tellegen, C. L., & Day, J. J. (2014). The Triple P-Positive Parenting Program: A systematic review and meta-analysis of a multi-level system of parenting support. Clinical psychology review, 34(4), 337-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.04.003

Sanvictores, T., & Mendez, M. D. (2022). Types of Parenting Styles and Effects on Children-Statpearls-NCBI.. National Library of Medicine, StatPearls Publishing, 9.

Sebire, S. J., Jago, R., Wood, L., Thompson, J. L., Zahra, J., & Lawlor, D. A. (2016). Examining a conceptual model of parental nurturance, parenting practices and physical activity among 5–6 year olds. Social Science & Medicine, 148, 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.11.022

Semple, D., & Smyth, R. (2019). Oxford handbook of psychiatry. Oxford university press.

Steele, K. R., Townsend, M. L., & Grenyer, B. F. (2020). Parenting stress and competence in borderline personality disorder is associated with mental health, trauma history, attachment and reflective capacity. Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation, 7, 1-14.

Subagia, I. N. (2021). Pola asuh orang tua: Faktor, implikasi terhadap perkembangan karakter anak. Nilacakra.

Turner, P. (2019). The effect of parenting styles on childhood anxiety: A review of the literature. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 64, 24-32.

van Meegen, M., Van der Graaff, J., Carlo, G., Meeus, W., & Branje, S. (2024). Longitudinal Associations Between Support and Prosocial Behavior Across Adolescence: The Roles of Fathers, Mothers, Siblings, and Friends. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 1-21.

Volkert, J., Gablonski, T. C., & Rabung, S. (2018). Prevalence of personality disorders in the general adult population in Western countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(6), 709-715.

Wardani, I. A. K., & Kurniawan, L. S. (2023). Analysis of anxiety and depression in young adult patients with suicide attempts in the emergency department RSUP Prof. Dr. IGNG Ngoerah Denpasar. International Journal of Health & Medical Sciences, 6(4), 207-214. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijhms.v6n4.2200

Zimmerman, M., Chelminski, I., & Young, D. (2008). The frequency of personality disorders in psychiatric patients. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 31(3), 405-420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2008.03.015