Malignant hypertension: A serious cardiovascular disorder-the main role of emergency medical services in controlling the condition

Mohammed Ahmed Bahanshel; Mutlaq Gatar N Alruwas; Saadi Saad Alanazi; ‏Mohammed Saleem Alshammari; Abdullah Ibrahim Al Eissa; Khalid Saad Matar Alshammari; Mohameed Masud Musaad Alotibe; Abdulhadi Ali Alqahtani

doi:10.21744/ijhms.v1n1.2353

Authors

Mohammed Ahmed Bahanshel KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Mutlaq Gatar N Alruwas KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Saadi Saad Alanazi KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
‏Mohammed Saleem Alshammari KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Abdullah Ibrahim Al Eissa KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Khalid Saad Matar Alshammari KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Mohameed Masud Musaad Alotibe KSA, National Guard Health Affairs
Abdulhadi Ali Alqahtani KSA, National Guard Health Affairs

Keywords:

Malignant hypertension, hypertensive emergency, Emergency Medical Services, blood pressure, organ damage, hypertensive crisis

Abstract

Background: Malignant hypertension, often referred to as hypertensive emergency, is a critical condition marked by severely elevated blood pressure (BP) exceeding 180/120 mm Hg, often associated with end-organ damage. It can lead to significant complications such as stroke, acute heart failure, and renal failure. Immediate and effective management is essential to prevent irreversible damage to vital organs and improve patient outcomes. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) play a crucial role in rapidly diagnosing, stabilizing, and transporting patients with malignant hypertension to appropriate care. Aim: This paper aims to highlight the essential role of EMS in the management of malignant hypertension, focusing on early recognition, timely intervention, and transport to specialized care to mitigate complications and improve survival rates. Methods: A review of relevant literature was conducted to examine the pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and management strategies of malignant hypertension. The role of EMS in timely care delivery was analyzed, including their involvement in initial assessment, treatment, and coordination with hospitals. Results: The review revealed that EMS is integral in identifying and managing hypertensive crises in the pre-hospital setting. Early intervention by EMS, such as the administration of intravenous antihypertensive medications and continuous monitoring, has been shown to improve outcomes significantly.

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