Socio-economic and psychological problems of third gender people living with HIV/AIDS: A study in A.P.
Keywords:
Health, HIV/AIDS, Psychological, Legal ProtectionAbstract
Transgender means that one doesn’t view their birth gender as their “true” or “real” gender. Instead, a transgender person finds his or her true “self” somewhere along the spectrum of a wider concept of gender. Transgender people living with HIV/AIDS generally face gender identity crisis. Gender identity refers to a person’s internal deeply felt sense of being either male or female. Their gender expressions are different. Gender identity is internal and personally defined. Gender expression is external and socially perceived either masculine or feminine. Due to their gender identity crisis, they bear the brunt of social, economic and cultural marginalization and discrimination. The Supreme Court given favorable judgment on 15th April, 2014 and stated that these Transgender people should be recognized as” Third gender people or third sex”. It provided legal protection to them by giving education and employment opportunities to them and also any reservation in jobs etc., It also recognized their citizenship as par with other citizens of the country. The Supreme Court declared that they have reservation in education as well as employment opportunities. Welfare activities should be provided by the Central and State Governments. Trans Genders are high risk population in spreading HIV/AIDS. However, they don’t have any awareness on safe methods of following sexual behavior because of illiterate. The recent Supreme Court judgment was also not known to them due to lack of proper education. The police, Doctors, lawyers and the Government employers are the four pillars of our society. However, these people are discriminated by them and they don’t have necessary protection in the society. Family members often do not support transgender.
Downloads
References
Beattie, T. S., Bhattacharjee, P., Ramesh, B. M., Gurnani, V., Anthony, J., Isac, S., ... & Blanchard, J. F. (2010). Violence against female sex workers in Karnataka state, south India: impact on health, and reductions in violence following an intervention program. BMC public health, 10(1), 476.
Bunch, C. (1995). Transforming human rights from a feminist perspective. Women’s rights, human rights: International feminist perspectives, 11, 158.
Chakrabarti, S. (2009, January). Gender dimensions of the informal sector and informal employment in India. In Global forum on gender statististics (pp. 26-28).
Chakrapani, V. (2010). Hijras/transgender women in India: HIV, human rights and social exclusion.
Chettiar, A. (2015). Problems faced by Hijras (male to female transgenders) in Mumbai with reference to their health and harassment by the police. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 5(9), 752.
Gibson, R. B. (2006). Beyond the pillars: sustainability assessment as a framework for effective integration of social, economic and ecological considerations in significant decision-making. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, 8(03), 259-280.
Heyes, C. J. (2003). Feminist solidarity after queer theory: The case of transgender. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 28(4), 1093-1120.
Iriani, D. H. (2018). The Effect of Early English Learning on Psychology. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (IJSSH), 2(1), 65-74.
Khan, S. I., Hussain, M. I., Parveen, S., Bhuiyan, M. I., Gourab, G., Sarker, G. F., ... & Sikder, J. (2009). Living on the extreme margin: social exclusion of the transgender population (hijra) in Bangladesh. Journal of health, population, and nutrition, 27(4), 441.
MacDonald, E. (1998). Critical identities: rethinking feminism through transgender politics. Atlantis: Critical Studies in Gender, Culture & Social Justice, 23(1).
Naik, A. K. (2009, September). Informal sector and informal workers in India. In Special IARIW-SAIM Conference on ‘Measuring the Informal Economy in Developing Countries’ September (pp. 23-26).
Sudimahayasa, N., Dantes, N., Candiasa, I. M., & Natajaya, I. N. (2018). The contribution of psychological maturity and knowledge management in the developing sustainable professional development of productive programme teachers at public senior vocational schools in Bali. International Research Journal of Engineering, IT and Scientific Research (IRJEIS), 4(3), 12-16.
Thaler, C. (2007). Representing Transgender Clients. GPSolo, 24(3), 18-52.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Articles published in the International Journal of Health & Medical Sciences (IJHMS) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJHMS right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJHMS can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
