The performance of Balinese pigs fed with different protein levels
Keywords:
nutrient digestibility, performance, protein, sus scrofa domesticusAbstract
This study aims to determine the effect of feeding rations with different protein levels. This research was conducted in Nyitdah Village, Kediri District, Tabanan Regency, Bali, which lasted for 12 weeks. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and four replicates. Each replicate contained one pig. The treatments were Balinese pigs fed a ration with 14% protein level (P1), Balinese pigs fed a ration with 16% protein level (P2), Balinese pigs fed a ration with 18% protein level (P3), and Balinese pigs fed a ration with 20% protein level (P4). The variables observed were performance, nutrient digestibility, and income over feed cost. The results showed that growing pigs fed different protein levels had no significant effect (P>0,05) on initial and final weights, body weight gain, ration consumption, FCR, and nutrient digestibility. It can be concluded that feeding rations with protein levels of 14% to 20% showed no significant effect on the performance of the pigs and nutrient digestibility, however, rations with 16% protein content produced the highest income over feed cost.
Downloads
References
[BSN] National Standardization Agency. 2006. SNI 01-3914-2006. Fattening Pig Feed (Pig finisher). National Standardization Agency: Jakarta.
Antara, N. S., Suastika, I. W., & Suryani, N. N. (2014). Effect of Energy Balance and Ration Protein on the Growth of Weaned Male Balinese Pigs. E-Journal of Tropical Animal Husbandry, 2(1), 1-10.
Budaarsa, K. (2014). Potensi ternak babi dalam menyumbangkan daging di Bali. In Seminar Nasional Ternak Babi (Vol. 1, p. 18).
Deor, L. F., Dodu, T., & Nalley, W. M. (2024). Pengaruh Penggunaan Tepung Daun dan Batang Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea Batatas L) Dalam Ransum Terhadap Performans dan IOFC Ternak Babi Peranakan Landrace Fase Grower. Journal of Comprehensive Science (JCS), 3(9).
Gunawan. (2002). Evaluation of the Development Model of Free-Range Chicken Farming Business and Its Improvement Efforts. Dissertation, Bogor Agricultural University.
Jones, M. E., Wang, Y., and Robinson, T. (2019). The Impact of Dietary Protein on Swine Production: A Comprehensive Review. Animal Science Journal, 40(2), 89-104.
Knudsen, K. B. (2001). The nutritional significance of “dietary fibre” analysis. Animal feed science and technology, 90(1-2), 3-20.
Le Goff, G., Van Milgen, J., & Noblet, J. (2002). Influence of dietary fibre on digestive utilization and rate of passage in growing pigs, finishing pigs and adult sows. Animal Science, 74(3), 503-515.
McDonald, P., Edwards, R. A., Greenhalgh, J. F. D., Morgan, C. A., Sinclair, L. A., & Wilkinson, R. G. (2011). Evaluation of foods: Digestibility. Animal Nutrition, 7th ed.; Pearson Education Limited: Harlow, UK, 237-253.
Montagne, L., Pluske, J. R., & Hampson, D. J. (2003). A review of interactions between dietary fibre and the intestinal mucosa, and their consequences on digestive health in young non-ruminant animals. Animal feed science and technology, 108(1-4), 95-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(03)00163-9
National Research Council. (2012). Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 11th Edition. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
Noblet, J., & Le Goff, G. (2001). Effect of dietary fibre on the energy value of feeds for pigs. Animal feed science and technology, 90(1-2), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00195-X
Nyachoti, C. M., Zijlstra, R. T., de Lange, C. F. M., and Patience, J. F. (2004). Nutritional strategies to decrease nutrient losses in pig production: Review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 17(8), 1205-1218.
Oresanya, T. F., Beaulieu, A. D., & Patience, J. F. (2008). Investigating the impact of dietary protein level on nitrogen excretion patterns in growing pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 88(1), 49-56.
Pinem, A. L. R. I., Aritonang, S. N., & Khasrad. (2015). Effect of Weaning Age on the Performance of Male Duroc Pigs. Indonesian Journal of Animal Husbandry, 17(1), 1-10.
Santoso, H. B., Suhartono, E., Yunita, R., & Biyatmoko, D. (2020). Epidermal mucus as a potential biological matrix for fish health analysis. Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries, 24(6), 361-382.
Shi, X. S., & Noblet, J. (1993). Contribution of the hindgut to digestion of diets in growing pigs and adult sows: effect of diet composition. Livestock Production Science, 34(3-4), 237-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(93)90110-4
Soewandi, B.D.P. (2013). Estimation of growth hormone gene output and identification in Tabanan Regency, Bali Province [Thesis]. [Yogyakarta (Indonesia)]: Gadjah Mada University.
Stein, H. H., Fuller, M. F., Moughan, P. J., Sève, B., Mosenthin, R., Jansman, A. J. M., ... and van der Poel, A. F. B. (2007). Amino acid digestibility and availability in pig nutrition. British Journal of Nutrition, 98(2), 227-244.
Sumadi, I. K., Suasta, I. M., and Astawa, I. P. A. 2015. Effect of Energy Balance and Ration Protein on the Performance of Balinese Pigs. Proceedings of Senastek II.
Sumadi, I. K., Suasta, I. M., Astawa, I. P. A., and Puger, A. W. (2016). The effect of ME/CP ratio ration on the performance of Balinese pigs. Animal Husbandry Scientific Magazine, 19(2), 22-29.
Suryani, N. N., Aryanta, I. M., & Dodu, T. (2021). Feed Efficiency and Quality of Pig Carcasses Supplemented with Moringa Leaf Solution (Moringa oleifera Lam) in "Liquid Feeding". Journal of Animal Husbandry Nucleus, 8(1), 6-13.
Sutrisno, B. (2018). Efficiency of Protein Utilization in Monogastric Animals. Journal of Animal Nutrition Science, 12(1), 30-40.
Utami, Y. (2011). Effect of Supplement Feed Balance on Crude Protein, Potassium, and Phosphorus Content of Fermented Rice Bran with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Thesis, Andalas University.
Wang, T., Liu, Y., Dong, W., and Li, F. (2019). Dietary protein levels affect growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal morphology in pigs. Animal Nutrition, 5(2), 174-180.
Widyastuti, R., et al. (2015). Optimization of Feed with Different Protein Content in Pigs. Journal of Agribusiness and Animal Husbandry, 18(3), 77-89.
Zakaria, S. (2004). The effect of cage area on the production and quality of free-range chicken eggs raised with a litter system. Nutrition and Animal Feed Bulletin, 5(1), 1-11.
Zeng, Z. K., Urriola, P. E., Dunkelberger, J. R., Amachawadi, R. G., Narvaez, E., Ji, Y., ... and Shurson, G. C. (2017). Implications of fiber and crude protein on nutrient digestibility and manure characteristics in growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 95(11), 5176-5186.
Wibawa, A. A. P. P., Nuriyasa, I. M., & Putra, I. G. A. A. (2024). Additional effect of soursop leaf extract fermented through drinking water on joper chicken carcas. International Journal of Life Sciences and Earth Sciences, 7(1), 76-83. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijle.v7n1.2311
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 International journal of life sciences and earth sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Articles published in the International Journal of Life sciences & Earth sciences (IJLE) are available under Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives Licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). Authors retain copyright in their work and grant IJLE right of first publication under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles in this journal, and to use them for any other lawful purpose.
Articles published in IJLE can be copied, communicated and shared in their published form for non-commercial purposes provided full attribution is given to the author and the journal. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
