Pragmatic analysis of racial humor in online discourse

https://doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v7n6.1968

Authors

  • Taghreed Abdulasalam Mustansirya University, Baghdad, Iraq
  • Istqlal Hassan Ja’afar Mustansirya University, Baghdad, Iraq

Keywords:

humor, online discourse, racial jokes, superiority humor, superiority resolution

Abstract

The present paper aims to investigate how racial humor is triggered in racial jokes posted online. Racial jokes and the ways it is triggered is an under-researched topic in comparison to the quickly developing literature about other types of racist language.  Thus, one of the main problems this thesis attempt to address is English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) users’ potential lack of awareness of the racially sensitive issues and how to deal with them in (online) intercultural communication. The paper analyzes (312) racial jokes, collected from eight different racial Joke accounts on Twitter. After in-depth reading and a systematic coding process of the dataset, three types of racial jokes were distinguished. These are superiority-based triggers, incongruity-based triggers, and blended triggers. These three different types were found to perform two different functions: racial stereotype reinforcement and racial stereotype challenge.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ariel, M. (2002). The demise of a unique concept of literal meaning. Journal of pragmatics, 34(4), 361-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(01)00043-1

Athilakshmi, V., & Chitra, S. (2018). College student attitude towards social media. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 6(1), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n1.481

Attardo, S., & Raskin, V. (2017). Linguistics and humor theory. In The Routledge handbook of language and humor (pp. 49-63). Routledge.

Azeez, A. P. F. H., & Turki, M. N. A. (2019). Humor and Translation. ADAB AL-BASRAH, (88).

Blutner, R., & Zeevat, H. (2004). Editors’ introduction: pragmatics in Optimality Theory. In Optimality theory and pragmatics (pp. 1-24). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

Bressler, E. R., & Balshine, S. (2006). The influence of humor on desirability. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27(1), 29-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2005.06.002

Curry, O. S., & Dunbar, R. I. (2013). Sharing a joke: The effects of a similar sense of humor on affiliation and altruism. Evolution and Human Behavior, 34(2), 125-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.11.003

Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In Speech acts (pp. 41-58). Brill.

Grice, P. (1989). Studies in the Way of Words. Harvard University Press.

Hay, J. (2000). Functions of humor in the conversations of men and women. Journal of pragmatics, 32(6), 709-742.

Herring, S. C. (2007). A faceted classification scheme for computer-mediated discourse. Language@ internet, 4(1).

Howe, N. E. (2002). The origin of humor. Medical hypotheses, 59(3), 252-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9877(02)00209-8

Hübler, M. T., & Bell, D. C. (2003). Computer-mediated humor and ethos: Exploring threads of constitutive laughter in online communities. Computers and Composition, 20(3), 277-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/S8755-4615(03)00036-7

Hughes, M. K. (2002). Through the looking glass: Racial jokes, social context, and the reasonable person in hostile work environment analysis. S. Cal. L. Rev., 76, 1437.

Hurford, J., Heasley, B., & Smith, M. (2007). Semantics a Course Book. New York.

Jeder, D. (2015). Implications of using humor in the classroom. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 180, 828-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.218

Jensen, T. W. (2018). Humor as interactional affordances: An ecological perspective on humor in social interaction. Psychology of Language and Communication, 22(1), 238-259.

Krikmann, A. (2006). Contemporary linguistic theories of humour. Folklore: Electronic journal of folklore, (33), 27-58.

Lebowitz, K. R., Suh, S., Diaz, P. T., & Emery, C. F. (2011). Effects of humor and laughter on psychological functioning, quality of life, health status, and pulmonary functioning among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A preliminary investigation. Heart & Lung, 40(4), 310-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2010.07.010

Marín-Arrese, J. I. (2008). Cognition and culture in political cartoons.

Meza, A. K. T., Freyre, J. R. A., Cevallos, M. G. O., & Pico, M. J. M. (2018). Autonomy, Good Humor and Support Networks, Potential of Community Resilience Intervention in People Victims of the Earthquake in the Calderón Parish. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 5(1), 1-8. Retrieved from https://sloap.org/journals/index.php/irjmis/article/view/23

Miller, K. E. L. (2009). The Unuttered Punch Line: Pragmatic Incongruity and the Parsing of “What’s the Difference” Jokes.

Morreall, J. (1983). Taking laughter seriously. Albany, NY: State University of New York.

Ramachandran, V. S. (1998). The neurology and evolution of humor, laughter, and smiling: the false alarm theory. Medical hypotheses, 51(4), 351-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9877(98)90061-5

Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. W. (2013). Longman dictionary of language teaching and applied linguistics. Routledge.

Ritchie, D. (2005). Frame-shifting in humor and irony. Metaphor and Symbol, 20(4), 275-294.

Scruton, R. (1986). Laughter in the philosophy of laughter and humor. John Morreall (ed.), Albany: State University of New York Press, pp. 156–171.

Song, K., Williams, K. M., Schallert, D. L., & Pruitt, A. A. (2021). Humor in multimodal language use: Students’ Response to a dialogic, social-networking online assignment. Linguistics and Education, 63, 100903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2021.100903

Steen, G. (2007). Finding metaphor in grammar and usage: A methodological analysis of theory and research (Vol. 10). John Benjamins Publishing.

Vaid, J., Hull, R., Heredia, R., Gerkens, D., & Martinez, F. (2003). Getting a joke: The time course of meaning activation in verbal humor. Journal of Pragmatics, 35(9), 1431-1449. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-2166(02)00184-4

Weaver, S. (2011). Jokes, rhetoric and embodied racism: a rhetorical discourse analysis of the logics of racist jokes on the internet. Ethnicities, 11(4), 413-435.

Weisfeld, G. E. (1993). The adaptive value of humor and laughter. Ethology and sociobiology, 14(2), 141-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(93)90012-7

Zabalbeascoa, P. (2005). Humor and translation—an interdiscipline.

Published

2021-11-07

How to Cite

Abdulasalam, T., & Ja’afar, I. H. (2021). Pragmatic analysis of racial humor in online discourse. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Culture, 7(6), 489–498. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijllc.v7n6.1968

Issue

Section

Research Articles