A theological study of the concept of divinity in the Lontar Tutur Aji Saraswati in Bali
Keywords:
concept of divinity, Hindu theology, Lontar Tutur Aji Saraswati, sacred syllables, Tri MurtiAbstract
The Lontar Tutur Aji Saraswati is a sacred manuscript written in the Kawi-Balinese script and language, containing theological, philosophical, and spiritual teachings of the Balinese Hindu community. This manuscript does not merely outline the rituals for worshipping Goddess Saraswati on Saraswati Day; it also preserves profound concepts regarding the nature of God (Brahman/Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa), His manifestations within the Tri Murti, and the relationship between sacred syllables, the divine word (sabda), and the creation of the universe. This study aims to examine the theological concept of divinity contained in the Lontar Tutur Aji Saraswati using a qualitative approach involving textual hermeneutics and library research. Primary data consisting of the transliteration and translation of the Tutur Aji Saraswati text were analyzed alongside secondary data from various philological and Hindu theological studies. The findings indicate that the concept of divinity in this manuscript is characterized by transcendent-immanent monotheism (panentheism): The One God (Ekam Sat) exists as Nirguna Brahman (formless/attributeless) while simultaneously manifesting as Saguna Brahman (with attributes/form) through the Tri Murti (Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva) and other deities including Goddess Saraswati, who serves as the Shakti or manifestation of the widya (knowledge) aspect of God.
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