Factors impact in tax avoidance practices before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Ni Luh Ratna Pradnya Maitriyadewi; I Ketut Yadnyana

doi:10.21744/ijbem.v5n4.1984

Authors

Ni Luh Ratna Pradnya Maitriyadewi
pniluhratna@gmail.com
Universitas Udayana
I Ketut Yadnyana Faculty of Economics and Business, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia

Keywords:

corporate risk, COVID-19, inventory intensity, sales growth, tax avoidance

Abstract

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of sales growth, corporate risk, and inventory intensity on tax avoidance practice and whether there are significant differences in tax avoidance practice before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The theory used in this research is agency theory and positive accounting theory. This research was conducted by taking the population of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2018-2021. Using the purposive sampling method per predetermined criteria, researchers obtained 51 sample companies. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis and different tests. The results obtained are that sales growth and corporate risk variables have a negative effect on tax avoidance practice and inventory intensity positively affects tax avoidance practice. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in tax avoidance before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Keywords: Sales Growth, Corporate Risk, Inventory Intensity, Tax Avoidance, Covid-19

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdillah, M. R. (2020). Pengaruh Risiko Perusahaan, Kualitas Audit Dan Komite Audit Terhadap Tax Avoidance Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2015-2018. Dinamika Ekonomi-Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 13(1), 82-98.

Ainniyya, S. M., Sumiati, A., & Susanti, S. (2021). Pengaruh Leverage, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Owner: Riset dan Jurnal Akuntansi, 5(2), 525-535.

Andhari, P. A. S., & Sukartha, I. M. (2017). Pengaruh pengungkapan corporate social responsibility, profitabilitas, inventory intensity, capital intensity dan leverage pada agresivitas pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 18(3), 2115-2142.

Ardillah, K., & Halim, Y. (2022). The Effect of Institutional Ownership, Fiscal Loss Compensation, and Accounting Conservatism on Tax Avoidance. Journal of Accounting Auditing and Business, 5(1), 1-15.

Arifidianto, I., Aini, N., Harianto, R., Sari, P. Z., Wardhana, R., Yusuf, F., Mubiatiningrum, A., & Bon, A. T. Bin. (2019). Tax Avoidance is Seen From The Perspective of Corporate Social Responsibility, Capital Intensity and Inventory Intensity in Developing Countries. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 1303–1304.

Armstrong, C. S., Blouin, J. L., Jagolinzer, A. D., & Larcker, D. F. (2015). Corporate governance, incentives, and tax avoidance. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 60(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2015.02.003

Artinasari, N., & Mildawati, T. (2018). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Likuidittas, Capital Intensity Dan Inventory Intensity Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Ilmu dan Riset Akuntansi (JIRA), 7(8).

Bahadir, S. C., Bharadwaj, S., & Parzen, M. (2009). A meta-analysis of the determinants of organic sales growth. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 26(4), 263-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2009.06.003

Cahyadi, I. G. L. N. D., & Merkusiwati, N. K. L. A. (2016). Pengaruh komisaris independen, leverage, size dan capital intensity ratio pada tax avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 17(1), 690-714.

Carolina, V., & Purwantini, A. H. (2020, November). Pengaruh Pengendalian Internal, Struktur Kepemilikan, Sales Growth, Ketidakpastian Lingkungan, dan Koneksi Politik terhadap Tax Avoidance (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2015-2019). In UMMagelang Conference Series (pp. 154-173).

Chang, Y., Ries, R. J., & Lei, S. (2012). The embodied energy and emissions of a high-rise education building: A quantification using process-based hybrid life cycle inventory model. Energy and Buildings, 55, 790-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.10.019

Chen, S., Chen, X., Cheng, Q., & Shevlin, T. (2010). Are family firms more tax aggressive than non-family firms?. Journal of financial economics, 95(1), 41-61.

Darsono, M. R. M. (2015). The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility and Capital Intensity on Tax Avoidance. Diponegoro Journal Of Accounting, 4(3), 1-8.

Dewi, G. A. P., & Sari, M. M. R. (2015). Pengaruh insentif eksekutif, corporate risk dan corporate governance pada tax avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 13(1), 50-67.

Dewi, N. L. P. P., & Noviari, N. (2017). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, leverage, profitabilitas dan corporate social responsibility terhadap penghindaran pajak (tax avoidance). E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 21(2), 882-911.

Dwiyanti, I. A. I., & Jati, I. K. (2019). Pengaruh profitabilitas, capital intensity, dan inventory intensity pada penghindaran pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 27(3), 2293-2321.

Dyreng, S. D., Hanlon, M., & Maydew, E. L. (2019). When does tax avoidance result in tax uncertainty?. The Accounting Review, 94(2), 179-203.

Faradisty, A., Hariyani, E., & Wiguna, M. (2019). The effect of corporate social responsibility, profitability, independent commissioners, sales growth and capital intensity on tax avoidance. Journal of Contemporary Accounting, 153-160.

Faramitha, C. Y., Husen, S., & Anhar, M. (2020). Pengaruh Risiko Bisnis Terhadap Tax Avoidance dengan Leverage Sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Manajemen, 17(01), 73-81.

Fathurrahman, I., Andriyanto, W. A., & Sari, R. D. P. (2021). PENGARUH KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL, KOMITE AUDIT, DAN THIN CAPITALIZATION TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE. JURNAL AKUNIDA, 7(2), 205-216.

Finnerty, C., Merks, P., Petriccione, M., & Russo, R. (2007). Fundamentals of international tax planning. Ámsterdam: ibfd.

Firmansyah, A., & Ardiansyah, R. (2020). BAGAIMANA PRAKTIK MANAJEMEN LABA DAN PENGHINDARAN PAJAK SEBELUM DAN SETELAH PANDEMI COVID19 DI INDONESIA?. Bina Ekonomi, 24(2), 31-51.

Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis multivariete dengan program IBM SPSS 23 (Edisi 8). Cetakan ke VIII. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro, 96.

Gilat, R., & Cole, B. J. (2020). COVID-19, medicine, and sports. Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation, 2(3), e175-e176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asmr.2020.04.003

Goepfert, R. P., Lewin, J. S., Barrow, M. P., Gunn, G. B., Fuller, C. D., Beadle, B. M., ... & Hutcheson, K. A. (2017). Long-term, prospective performance of the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory in “low-intermediate risk” oropharyngeal carcinoma after intensity modulated radiation therapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology* Biology* Physics, 97(4), 700-708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.010

Hai, N. M., Anh, P. T., Yue, X. G., & Nam, N. H. P. (2021). The impact of tax avoidance on the value of listed firms in Vietnam. Cogent Business & Management, 8(1), 1-13.

Hamilah, H., & Situmorang, K. F. (2021). DETERMINANT TAX AVOIDANCE IN BASIC AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRY MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE IDX. Sosiohumaniora, 23(2), 253-261.

Herjanto, E. (2007). Manajemen Operasi. Grasindo.

Hidayat, D. W. W. (2018). PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE DAN PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK: STUDI KASUS PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR DI INDONESIA.

Irawan, F., & Turwanto, T. (2020). The effect of tax avoidance on firm value with tax risk as moderating variable. Test Engineering & Management, 83, 9696-9707.

Jefri, J., & Khoiriyah, Y. (2019). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance Dan Return On Assets Terhadap Tax Avoidance. AKUNTABILITAS, 13(2), 141-154.

Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (2019). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. In Corporate Governance (pp. 77-132). Gower.

Keuangan, K. (2020). Kajian Fiskal Regional. Transfer, 97, 8.

Khoirunissa, O., & Ratnawati, J. (2021). Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penghindaran Pajak pada Perusahaan Pertambangan di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) Tahun 2018-2019. Bilancia: Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, 5(1), 38-48.

Kim, J. H., & Im, C. C. (2016). Corporate tax avoidance in SME: The effect of listing. International Journal of u-and e-Service, Science and Technology, 9(6), 283-294.

Lewellen, K., & Lowry, M. (2021). Does common ownership really increase firm coordination?. Journal of Financial Economics, 141(1), 322-344.

Mahanani, A., Titisari, K. H., & Nurlaela, S. (2017). Pengaruh karakteristik perusahaan, sales growth dan csr terhadap tax avoidance.

Maitriyadewi, N. L. R. P., & Noviari, N. (2020). Manajemen Laba, Profitabilitas dan Kepemilikan Keluarga dan Tax Avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 30(6), 1382-1396.

Marfiana, A., & Putra, Y. P. M. (2021). The Effect of Employee Benefit Liabilities, Sales Growth, Capital Intensity, and Earning Management on Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Manajemen STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo, 7(1), 16-30.

Maryasa, A. S. (2010). Penerapan Manajemen Laba Pada Waktu Sebelum Krisis Global dan Pada Saat Krisis Global (Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di BEI). Universitas Brawijaya.

Masdi, M. (2020). Pengaruh Disiplin Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Dinas Koperasi, UKM, Perdagangan Dan Perindustrian Kabupaten Indramayu. Jurnal Investasi, 6(1), 59-68.

Ndwandwe, D., & Wiysonge, C. S. (2021). COVID-19 vaccines. Current opinion in immunology, 71, 111-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2021.07.003

Ningsih, I. A. M. W., & Noviari, N. (2021). Financial Distress, Sales Growth, Profitabilitas dan Penghindaran Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 32, 229-244.

Noviani, L., Diana, N., & Mawardi, M. C. (2018). Pengaruh Karakteristik Eksekutif, Komite Audit, Ukuran Perusahan, Leverage Dan Sales Growth pada Tax Avoidance (Studi Kasus Perusahaan Lq45 Yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia). Jurnal Ilmiah Riset Akuntansi, 7(01).

Noviari, N., & Suaryana, I. G. N. A. (2020). Tax Planning To Increase The Value Of The Company. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 30(1), 194-201.

Nugraha, M. I., & Mulyani, S. D. (2019). Peran leverage sebagai pemediasi pengaruh karakter eksekutif, kompensasi eksekutif, capital intensity, dan sales growth terhadap tax avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi Trisakti, 6(2), 301-324.

Nugrahitha, I. M. A., & Suprasto, H. B. (2018). Profitabilitas, Leverage, Corporate Governance, dan Karakter Eksekutif pada Tax Avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 22(3), 2016-2039.

OECD. (2020). Tax Administration: Privacy, Disclosure and fraud Risk Related to Covid-19.

Oktamawati, M. (2017). Pengaruh karakter eksekutif, komite audit, ukuran perusahaan, leverage, pertumbuhan penjualan, dan profitabilitas terhadap tax avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi Bisnis, 15(1), 23-40.

Padyanoor, A. (2020). Kebijakan pajak Indonesia menanggapi krisis covid-19: Manfaat bagi wajib pajak. E-jurnal Akuntansi, 30(9), 2216-2230.

Parida, V., Patel, P. C., Wincent, J., & Kohtamäki, M. (2016). Network partner diversity, network capability, and sales growth in small firms. Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2113-2117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.12.017

Parmitasari, R. D. A., & Hasrianto, H. (2017). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Leverage, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Kebijakan Dividen Saham-saham yang Terdaftar pada Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) Periode Tahun 2011-2015. Jurnal Minds: Manajemen Ide dan Inspirasi, 4(2), 28-48.

Pipatnarapong, J., Beelitz, A., & Jaafar, A. (2020). Tax avoidance and earnings management: Accrual-based vs. real-activity earnings management evidenced from BRICS. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(7), 4800-4808.

Pujilestari, R., & Winedar, M. (2018). Pengaruh Karakter Eksekutif, Ukuran Perusahaan, Kualitas Audit, dan Komite Audit Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Auditing, 15(2), 204-220.

Purnanandam, A. (2008). Financial distress and corporate risk management: Theory and evidence. Journal of Financial Economics, 87(3), 706-739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.04.003

Purwanti, S. M., & Sugiyarti, L. (2017). Pengaruh intensitas aset tetap, pertumbuhan penjualan dan koneksi politik terhadap tax avoidance (Studi kasus pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2012–2016). Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 5(3), 1625-1642.

Putri, C. L., & Lautania, M. F. (2016). Pengaruh Capital Intensity Ratio, Inventory Intensity Ratio, Ownership Strucutre dan Profitability Terhadap Effective Tax Rate (ETR)(Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2011-2014). Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Ekonomi Akuntansi, 1(1), 101-119.

Putusan MA Nomor .946/B/PK/PJK/2017 PT Coca Cola Indonesia, (2017).

Rosalina, E., & Pratiwi, A. (2021, March). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Penghindaran Pajak Dampak Sebelum Dan Selama Covid-19 Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur. In Conference on Economic and Business Innovation (CEBI) (pp. 919-932).

Satyadini, A. E., Erlangga, R. R., & Steffi, B. (2019). WHO AVOID TAXES? AN EMPIRICAL STUDY FROM THE CASE OF INDONESIA. Scientax, 1(1), 1-26.

Septyana, K. P., & Suprasto, H. B. (2019). Effect of taxation knowledge, fiscus service, and tax sanctions on tax obligation compliance with tax amnesty as moderated variables. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 6(6), 111-117. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n6.773

Seralurin, Y. C., & Ermawati, Y. (2019). Influence of self-assessment system, taxation understanding, and discrimination toward ethics of tax evasion: A case in Papua Indonesia. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 6(5), 267-278. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n5.745

Setiawan, C. Y. (2010). Analisis Faktor–faktor yang Mempengaruhi Praktik Perataan Laba Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2003–2007 (Doctoral dissertation, Prodi Akuntansi Unika Soegijapranata).

Sholeha, Y. M. A. (2019). Pengaruh Capital Intensity, Profitabilitas, Dan Sales Growth Terhadap Tax Avoidance Yeni Mar. Jurnal Akuntansi AKUNESA, 7(2).

Silalahi, D. E., & Ginting, R. R. (2020). Strategi Kebijakan Fiskal Pemerintah Indonesia Untuk Mengatur Penerimaan dan Pengeluaran Negara Dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid-19. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Ekonomi Syariah), 3(2), 156-167.

Sinambela, R. O., Suzan, L., & Mahardika, D. P. K. (2017). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas Dan Risiko Perusahaan Terhadap Tax Avoidance. eProceedings of Management, 4(2).

Slemrod, J., & Yitzhaki, S. (2002). Tax avoidance, evasion, and administration. In Handbook of public economics (Vol. 3, pp. 1423-1470). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-4420(02)80026-X

Suandy, E. (2011). Hukum Pajak, Edisi 5, Jakarta Salemba Empat. JURNAL AKUNTANSI BARELANG.

Sugiyono. (2018). Metode Penelitian Bisnis (Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R &D). Alfabeta.

Sukrisno, A., & Trisnawati, E. (2013). Akuntansi Perpajakan. Edisi tiga. Jakarta: Salemba Empat.

Suryadi, D., & Afridayani, A. (2021). Pengaruh Corporate Risk, Capital Intensity, Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Tax Avoidance. SAKUNTALA: Prosiding Sarjana Akuntansi Tugas Akhir Secara Berkala, 1(1), 162-174.

Susanti, D., & Satyawan, M. D. (2020). Pengaruh Advertising Intensity, Inventory Intensity, Dan Sales Growth Terhadap Agresivitas Pajak. Jurnal Akuntansi AKUNESA, 9(1).

Swandewi, N. P., & Noviari, N. (2020). Pengaruh financial distress dan konservatisme akuntansi pada tax avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 30(7), 1670-1683.

Swingly, C., & Sukartha, I. M. (2015). Pengaruh karakter eksekutif, komite audit, ukuran perusahaan, leverage dan sales growth pada tax avoidance. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 10(1), 47-62.

Tang, T. Y. (2020). A review of tax avoidance in China. China Journal of Accounting Research, 13(4), 327-338.

Waluyo, T. (2020). PEMERIKSAAN TERHADAP WAJIB PAJAK YANG TIDAK MENYAMPAIKAN SPT. KETENTUAN DAN PEMILIHANNYA SESUAI SE-15/PJ/2018. Simposium Nasional Keuangan Negara, 2(1), 677-698.

Wardani, D. K., & Juliani, J. (2018). Pengaruh Tax Avoidance Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan Dengan Corporate Governance Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. Nominal: Barometer Riset Akuntansi dan Manajemen, 7(2), 47-61.

Watts, R. L., & Zimmerman, J. L. (1986). Positive accounting theory.

Widya, A., Yulianti, E., Oktapiani, M., Jannah, M., & Prasetya, E. R. (2020). Pengaruh Capital Intensity Dan Inventory Intensity Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Proceedings Universitas Pamulang, 1(1), 89-99.

Windarti, A., & Sina, I. (2017). Book Tax Difference dan Struktur Kepemilikan sebagai Upaya Penghindaran Pajak. JABE (Journal of Applied Business and Economic), 4(1), 1-16.

Wulandari, D. S. (2022). Tindakan Agresivitas Pajak dipandang dari Teori Akuntansi Positif. Owner: Riset dan Jurnal Akuntansi, 6(1), 554-569.

Wulandari, S. (2021). Praktik Penghindaran Pajak Sebelum dan Setelah Pandemi Covid–19 di Indonesia. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi & Perpajakan (JRAP), 8(02), 217-234.

Yuni, N. P. A. I., & Setiawan, P. E. (2019). Pengaruh Corporate Governance dan Profitabilitas terhadap Penghindaran Pajak dengan Ukuran Perusahaan Sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 29(1), 128-144.

Zain, M. (2004). Manajemen Perpajakan Salemba Empat.

Zheng, Z., Peng, F., Xu, B., Zhao, J., Liu, H., Peng, J., ... & Tang, W. (2020). Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Journal of infection, 81(2), e16-e25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.04.021

Zudana, A. E., Tarigan, C. J. A., Hutabarat, R. G. L., & Haikal, A. (2021). Females and Tax Avoidance: Evidence from the Agency Problem Perspective. Jurnal Reviu Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 11(3), 667-678.

Zuesty, A. (2016). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional Risiko Perusahaan, dan Leverage Terhadap Tindakan Tax Avoidance (Bachelor's thesis, Jakarta: Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta).