The interplay of price, word-of-mouth, and tourist satisfaction in marine tourism

https://doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v10n6.2477

Authors

  • Tanvir Ahmed Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
  • Md Istiaq Mohhamad Shuvo Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
  • Md. Hasan Imam Rifat Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
  • Mehedi Hasan Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh
  • Nasima Akter Noakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh

Keywords:

Destination Image, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), tourism marketing, tourist behavior, Word-of-Mouth (WOM)

Abstract

Marine tourism contributes socioeconomically to its stakeholders. Appropriate management of perceived price, word-of-mouth (WOM), and tourist satisfaction overall the destination image must be ensured, ultimately influencing tourists’ behaviour. This research looks at the impact of perceived price, word-of-mouth (WOM), and tourist satisfaction on the destination image of Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, and their subsequent effects on tourist behaviour in the marine destination. Using a quantitative approach and focusing on young, educated, and budget-conscious travelers, data was collected from 426 respondents through structured surveys. The connections among the constructs were evaluated using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result reveals that perceived price and word of Mouth (WOM) tourist satisfaction significantly influence Cox's Bazar's destination image and mediates their effect on tourist behaviour. It provides useful insights for all stakeholders, especially tourism marketers by pointing to tourist satisfaction to promote goodwill to maintain the sustainability and competitiveness of maritime tourist destinations.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdullah, S. I. N. W., Samdin, Z., Ng, S. I., & Ho, J. A. (2019). Marine Parks as a Destination Choice of Millennial Tourists: The Role of Consumption Values and Responsible Environmental Behaviour. Journal on Tourism & Sustainability, 3(1), 6-21. Abubakar, A. M., & Ilkan, M. (2016). Impact of online WOM on destination trust and intention to travel: A medical tourism perspective. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 5(3), 192-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2015.12.005

Ahmad, S., Zulkurnain, N., & Khairushalimi, F. (2016). Assessing the validity and reliability of a measurement model in Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). British Journal of Mathematics & Computer Science, 15(3), 1-8.

Ahmed, T., & Shuvo, M. I. M. (2024) Halal Tourism in Bangladesh: An Exploratory Study on Its Demand and Opportunities. Journal of Islamic Tourism (JIT), 41.

Al-Bourini, F. A., Aljawarneh, N. M., Almaaitah, M. F., Altahat, S., Alomari, Z. S., & Sokiyna, M. Y. (2021). The role of E-Word of mouth in the relationship between online destination image, E-satisfaction, E-Trust & E-Service quality for international tourists perception. Journal of Information Technology Management, 13(Special Issue: Big Data Analytics and Management in Internet of Things), 92–110.

Andrianto, N., & Aliffianto, A. Y. (2020). Brand image among the purchase decision determinants. Jurnal Studi Komunikasi, 4(3), 700-715.

Artuğer, S., Çetinsöz, B. C., & Kılıç, I. (2013). The effect of destination image on destination loyalty: An application in Alanya. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(13), 124-136.

Baker, D. A., & Crompton, J. L. (2000). Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 785–804. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0160-7383(99)00108-5

Baloglu, S., & McCleary, K. W. (1999). A model of destination image formation. Annals of Tourism Research, 26(4), 868–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0160-7383(99)00030-4

Beerli, A., & Martin, J. D. (2004). Factors influencing destination image. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 657–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.01.010

Berk, K. N., & Carey, P. (1998). Data Analysis with Microsoft Excel. Pacific Grove, CA: Duxbury Press.

Bhuiyan, M. A. H., Darda, A., Habib, M. W., & Hossain, M. B. (2020). Marine tourism for sustainable development in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh (No. 1151). ADBI Working Paper Series.

Bigne, J. E., Sanchez, M. I., & Sanchez, J. (2001). Tourism image, evaluation variables and after purchase behaviour: inter-relationship. Tourism management, 22(6), 607-616.

Bland, J. M., & Altman, D. G. (2015). Statistics Notes: Bootstrap resampling methods. BMJ, 350(jun02 13), h2622–h2622. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(01)00035-8

Boulding, K. E. (1961). The image: Knowledge in life and society (Vol. 47). University of Michigan Press.

Boyer, S. L., Edmondson, D. R., Baker, B., & Solomon, P. (2015). Word-of-mouth, traditional and covert marketing: Comparative studies. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 19(1), 102.

Briandana, R., Caturida, & Sukmajati, D. (2018). Promotion Analysis of Marine Tourism in Indonesia: A Case Study. EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL, XXI (Issue 1), 602–613.

Budiono, F. L. (2013). Persepsi dan Harapan Pengguna terhadap Kualitas Layanan Data pada Smartphone di Jakarta. Buletin Pos Dan Telekomunikasi, 11(2), 93–108.

Burmeister, E., & Aitken, L. M. (2012). Sample size: How many is enough?. Australian Critical Care, 25(4), 271-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2012.07.002

Carballo, M. M., Araña, J. E., León, C. J., & Moreno-Gil, S. (2015). Economic Valuation of Tourism Destination Image. Tourism Economics, 21(4), 741–759.

Chaiyo, Y., & Nokham, R. (2017). The effect of Kahoot, Quizizz and Google Forms on the student's perception in the classrooms response system. In 2017 International conference on digital arts, media and technology (ICDAMT) (pp. 178-182). IEEE.

Chen, C.-F., & Phou, S. (2013). A closer look at destination: Image, personality, relationship and loyalty. Tourism Management, 36, 269–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.11.015

Chen, C.-F., & Tsai, D. (2007). How destination image and evaluative factors affect behavioral intentions? Tourism Management, 28(4), 1115–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2006.07.007

Chen, R., Zhou, Z., Zhan, G., & Zhou, N. (2020). The impact of destination brand authenticity and destination brand self-congruence on tourist loyalty: The mediating role of destination brand engagement. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 15, 100402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.100402

Daugherty, T., & Hoffman, E. (2014). eWOM and the importance of capturing consumer attention within social media. Journal of Marketing Communications, 20(1–2), 82–102.

Deng, Q., & Li, M. (2014). A Model of Event–Destination Image Transfer. Journal of Travel Research, 53(1), 69–82.

Diamantopoulos, A., Riefler, P., & Roth, K. P. (2008). Advancing formative measurement models. Journal of business research, 61(12), 1203-1218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.01.009

Do Valle, P. O., Silva, J. A., Mendes, J., & Guerreiro, M. (2006). Tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty intention: A structural and categorical analysis. International Journal of Business Science & Applied Management (IJBSAM), 1(1), 25–44.

Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. B. (1991). The meaning and measurement of destination image. Journal of tourism studies, 2(2), 2-12.

Edward, M., & Sahadev, S. (2011). Role of switching costs in the service quality, perceived value, customer satisfaction and customer retention linkage. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 23(3), 327–345.

Eggert, A., & Ulaga, W. (2002). Customer perceived value: A substitute for satisfaction in business markets? Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 17(2/3), 107–118.

Fakeye, P. C., & Crompton, J. L. (1991). Image Differences between Prospective, First-Time, and Repeat Visitors to the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Journal of Travel Research, 30(2), 10–16.

Feng, Y., Xie, Q., & Lou, C. (2019). The Key to 360-Degree Video Advertising: An Examination of the Degree of Narrative Structure. Journal of Advertising, 48, 1–16.

Fenitra, R. M., Premananto, G. C., Sedera, R. M. H., Abbas, A., & Laila, N. (2022). Environmentally responsible behavior and Knowledge-Belief-Norm in the tourism context: The moderating role of types of destinations. International Journal of Geoheritage and Parks, 10(2), 273-288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgeop.2022.05.001

Fjelldal, I. K., Kralj, A., & Moyle, B. (2022). Profanity in viral tourism marketing: A conceptual model of destination image reinforcement. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 28(1), 52–63.

Gallarza, M. G., & Saura, I. G. (2006). Value dimensions, perceived value, satisfaction and loyalty: an investigation of university students’ travel behaviour. Tourism management, 27(3), 437-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.12.002

Govers, R., Go, F. M., & Kumar, K. (2007). Promoting Tourism Destination Image. Journal of Travel Research, 46(1), 15–23.

Hamouda, M., & Yacoub, I. (2018). Explaining visit intention involving eWOM, perceived risk motivations and destination image. International Journal of Leisure and Tourism Marketing, 6(1), 65.

Hanaysha, J. R., Al-Shaikh, M. E., & Kumar, P. (2022). An Examination of Customer Relationship Management and Business Sustainability in Small and Medium Enterprises. International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management (IJCRMM), 13(1), 1-20.

Hanlan, J., & Kelly, S. J. (2004). Backpackers, Byron and brand: the power of WOM. In Marketing accountabilities and responsibilities: proceedings of the Australian and New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (ANZMAC).

Hasan, M. K., Abdullah, S. K., Lew, T. Y., & Islam, M. F. (2019). The antecedents of tourist attitudes to revisit and revisit intentions for coastal tourism. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 13(2), 218–234.

Hellier, P. K., Geursen, G. M., Carr, R. A., & Rickard, J. A. (2003). Customer repurchase intention: A general structural equation model. European Journal of Marketing, 37(11/12), 1762–1800.

Hinton, P. R., McMurray, I., & Brownlow, C. (2014). SPSS explained. Routledge.

Huete Alcocer, N., & López Ruiz, V. R. (2020). The role of destination image in tourist satisfaction: the case of a heritage site. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 33(1), 2444-2461.

Huete-Alcocer, N. (2017). A literature review of word of mouth and electronic word of mouth: Implications for consumer behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1256.

Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic management journal, 20(2), 195-204.

Islamy, M. R., Trisnawati, J. D., & Rahayu, S. (2022). The effect of perceived service quality, perceived value, destination image, attitude to visiting behavior, tourist satisfaction on tourist loyalty. Journal of Entrepreneurship & Business, 3(1), 35–48.

Ismagilova, E., Dwivedi, Y. K., Slade, E., & Williams, M. D. (2017). Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM). In E. Ismagilova, Y. K. Dwivedi, E. Slade, & M. D. Williams, Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) in the Marketing Context (pp. 17–30). Springer International Publishing.

Jalilvand, M. R., & Heidari, A. (2017). Comparing face-to-face and electronic word-of-mouth in destination image formation: The case of Iran. Information Technology & People, 30(4), 710–735.

Jalilvand, M. R., & Samiei, N. (2012). The impact of electronic word of mouth on a tourism destination choice: Testing the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Internet research, 22(5), 591-612.

Jin, N., Lee, H., & Lee, S. (2013). Event quality, perceived value, destination image, and behavioral intention of sports events: The case of the IAAF World Championship, Daegu, 2011. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 18(8), 849-864.

Jin, N., Lee, S., & Lee, H. (2015). The effect of experience quality on perceived value, satisfaction, image and behavioral intention of water park patrons: New versus repeat visitors. International journal of tourism research, 17(1), 82-95.

Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. K. (2015). Likert scale: Explored and explained. British journal of applied science & technology, 7(4), 396-403.

Kaur, P., Stoltzfus, J., & Yellapu, V. (2018). Descriptive statistics. International Journal of Academic Medicine, 4(1), 60-63.

Kennedy-Martin, T., Curtis, S., Faries, D., Robinson, S., & Johnston, J. (2015). A literature review on the representativeness of randomized controlled trial samples and implications for the external validity of trial results. Trials, 16, 1-14.

Ketut, I. S., & Widyatmaja, I. G. N. (2017). Pengetahuan Dasar Ilmu Pariwisata. Denpasar: Pustaka Larasan.

Khan, M. M., & Fasih, M. (2014). Impact of service quality on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: Evidence from banking sector. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 8(2), 331-354.

Khuong, M. N., & Luan, P. D. (2015). Factors affecting tourists' satisfaction towards nam cat Tien National Park, Vietnam-A mediation analysis of perceived value. International Journal of innovation, management and technology, 6(4), 238.

Kimberlin, C. L., & Winterstein, A. G. (2008). Validity and reliability of measurement instruments used in research. American journal of health-system pharmacy, 65(23), 2276-2284.

Lban, M. O., Kaşli, M., & Bezirgan, M. (2015). Effects of destination image and total perceived value on tourists' behavioral intentions: an investigation of domestic festival tourists. Tourism Analysis, 20(5), 499-510.

Leshem, S., & Trafford, V. (2007). Overlooking the conceptual framework. Innovations in education and Teaching International, 44(1), 93-105.

Leszinski, R., & Marn, M. V. (1997). Setting value, not price. Industrial Launderer, 48, 51-58.

Litvin, S. W., Goldsmith, R. E., & Pan, B. (2008). Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management. Tourism management, 29(3), 458-468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.05.011

Lu, C. S., Weng, H. K., Chen, S. Y., Chiu, C. W., Ma, H. Y., Mak, K. W., & Yeung, T. C. (2020). How port aesthetics affect destination image, tourist satisfaction and tourist loyalty?. Maritime Business Review, 5(2), 211-228.

Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1996). Discriminant validity of well-being measures. Journal of personality and social psychology, 71(3), 616.

McDougall, G. H., & Levesque, T. (2000). Customer satisfaction with services: putting perceived value into the equation. Journal of services marketing, 14(5), 392-410.

Meng, S. M., Liang, G. S., & Yang, S. H. (2011). The relationships of cruise image, perceived value, satisfaction, and post-purchase behavioral intention on Taiwanese tourists. African Journal of Business Management, 5(1), 19.

Moon, K. S., Ko, Y. J., Connaughton, D. P., & Lee, J. H. (2013). A mediating role of destination image in the relationship between event quality, perceived value, and behavioral intention. Journal of sport & tourism, 18(1), 49-66.

Pandža Bajs, I. (2015). Tourist perceived value, relationship to satisfaction, and behavioral intentions: The example of the Croatian tourist destination Dubrovnik. Journal of Travel Research, 54(1), 122-134.

Peterson, R. A., & Kim, Y. (2013). On the relationship between coefficient alpha and composite reliability. Journal of applied psychology, 98(1), 194.

Pike, S., & Ryan, C. (2004). Destination positioning analysis through a comparison of cognitive, affective, and conative perceptions. Journal of travel research, 42(4), 333-342.

Prayag, G., Hosany, S., Muskat, B., & Del Chiappa, G. (2017). Understanding the relationships between tourists’ emotional experiences, perceived overall image, satisfaction, and intention to recommend. Journal of travel research, 56(1), 41-54.

Purwanto, A., Asbari, M., & Santoso, T. I. (2021). Analisis data penelitian marketing: perbandingan hasil antara amos, smartpls, warppls, dan spss untuk jumlah sampel besar. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 2(4), 216-227.

Qu, H., Kim, L. H., & Im, H. H. (2011). A model of destination branding: Integrating the concepts of the branding and destination image. Tourism management, 32(3), 465-476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.03.014

Rasul, G., & Gurung, P. (2024). Unlocking the potentials of sustainable livelihoods in Chattogram Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. Nature-Based Solutions, 5, 100108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nbsj.2023.100108

Rust, R. T., & Oliver, R. L. (Eds.). (1993). Service quality: New directions in theory and practice. Sage Publications.

Sahabuddin, M., Tan, Q., Hossain, I., Alam, M. S., & Nekmahmud, M. (2021). Tourist environmentally responsible behavior and satisfaction; Study on the world’s longest natural sea beach, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Sustainability, 13(16), 9383.

Salleh, N. H. M., Othman, R., Sarmidi, T., Zakaria, K., Talib, B. A., & Idris, S. H. (2014). Tourist satisfaction and loyalty of the Kapas Island marine park: a structural equation model (SEM) analysis.

Scott, K., Gharai, D., Sharma, M., Choudhury, N., Mishra, B., Chamberlain, S., & LeFevre, A. (2020). Yes, no, maybe so: the importance of cognitive interviewing to enhance structured surveys on respectful maternity care in northern India. Health Policy and Planning, 35(1), 67-77.

Setiawan, P. Y., Purbadharmaja, I. B. P., Widanta, A. A. B. P., & Hayashi, T. (2021). How electronic word of mouth (e-WOM) triggers intention to visit through destination image, trust and satisfaction: The perception of a potential tourist in Japan and Indonesia. Online Information Review, 45(5), 861-878.

Setiawan, P. Y., Troena, E. A., & Armanu, N. (2014). The effect of e-WOM on destination image, satisfaction and loyalty. International Journal of Business and Management Invention, 3(1), 22-29.

Sotiriadis, M. D., & Van Zyl, C. (2013). Electronic word-of-mouth and online reviews in tourism services: the use of twitter by tourists. Electronic Commerce Research, 13, 103-124.

Tasci, A. D., Gartner, W. C., & Tamer Cavusgil, S. (2007). Conceptualization and operationalization of destination image. Journal of hospitality & tourism research, 31(2), 194-223.

Truong, T. H., & King, B. (2009). An evaluation of satisfaction levels among Chinese tourists in Vietnam. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11(6), 521-535.

UNWTO. (2019). International tourist arrivals reach 1.4 billion two years ahead of forecasts. United Nations World Tourism Organization.

Vitter, J. S. (1985). Random sampling with a reservoir. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS), 11(1), 37-57.

Wang, L., & Zhang, H. (2019). The impact of marine tourism resources development on sustainable development of marine economy. Journal of Coastal Research, 94(SI), 589-592.

Wang, T. L., Tran, P. T. K., & Tran, V. T. (2017). Destination perceived quality, tourist satisfaction and word-of-mouth. Tourism Review, 72(4), 392-410.

Wang, X., Zhang, J., Gu, C., & Zhen, F. (2009). Examining antecedents and consequences of tourist satisfaction: A structural modeling approach. Tsinghua Science and technology, 14(3), 397-406.

Winchenbach, A., Hanna, P., & Miller, G. (2022). Constructing identity in marine tourism diversification. Annals of tourism research, 95, 103441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2022.103441

Woosnam, K. M., Stylidis, D., & Ivkov, M. (2020). Explaining conative destination image through cognitive and affective destination image and emotional solidarity with residents. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(6), 917-935.

Wu, H. C. (2014). The effects of customer satisfaction, perceived value, corporate image and service quality on behavioral intentions in gaming establishments. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 26(4), 540-565.

Yağmur, Y., & Aksu, A. (2022). Investigation of destination image mediating effect on tourists’ risk assessment, behavioural intentions and satisfaction. Journal of Tourism, Heritage & Services Marketing, 8(1), 27-37.

Yang, S., Isa, S. M., Yao, Y., Xia, J., & Liu, D. (2022). Cognitive image, affective image, cultural dimensions, and conative image: a new conceptual framework. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 935814.

Yang, Z., & Peterson, R. T. (2004). Customer perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty: The role of switching costs. Psychology & marketing, 21(10), 799-822.

Yasin, A. B., & Singh, S. (2010). Correlation and path coefficient analyses in sunflower. Journal of Plant Breeding and Crop Science, 2(5), 129-133.

Yoon, Y., & Uysal, M. (2005). An examination of the effects of motivation and satisfaction on destination loyalty: a structural model. Tourism management, 26(1), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2003.08.016

Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: a means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of marketing, 52(3), 2-22.

Zhang, H., Fu, X., Cai, L. A., & Lu, L. (2014). Destination image and tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis. Tourism management, 40, 213-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.06.006

Zhang, H., Xu, F., Leung, H. H., & Cai, L. A. (2016). The influence of destination-country image on prospective tourists’ visit intention: Testing three competing models. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 21(7), 811-835.

Zimmerhackel, J. S., Kragt, M. E., Rogers, A. A., Ali, K., & Meekan, M. G. (2019). Evidence of increased economic benefits from shark-diving tourism in the Maldives. Marine Policy, 100, 21-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.11.004

Published

2024-11-25

How to Cite

Ahmed, T., Mohhamad Shuvo, M. I., Imam Rifat, M. H., Hasan, M., & Akter, N. (2024). The interplay of price, word-of-mouth, and tourist satisfaction in marine tourism. International Research Journal of Engineering, IT and Scientific Research, 10(6), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v10n6.2477

Issue

Section

Research Articles