Time–cost trade-off analysis using the precedence diagram method in residential construction projects: A case study in Bali, Indonesia

I Gede Sastra Wibawa; I Made Anom Santiana; I Wayan Wiraga; I Wayan Arya; Dwipa R S Surya Negara; M. Yusuf

doi:10.21744/irjeis.v12n3.2604

Authors

I Gede Sastra Wibawa
gedesastrawibawa@pnb.ac.id
Politeknik Negeri Bali, Badung, Indonesia
I Made Anom Santiana Politeknik Negeri Bali, Badung, Indonesia
I Wayan Wiraga Politeknik Negeri Bali, Badung, Indonesia
I Wayan Arya Politeknik Negeri Bali, Badung, Indonesia
Surya Negara Dwipa RS Politeknik Negeri Bali, Badung, Indonesia
M. Yusuf Politeknik Negeri Bali, Badung, Indonesia

Keywords:

construction project acceleration, crashing method, precedence diagram method, project scheduling, time–cost trade-off

Abstract

Construction project delays remain a major challenge in the construction industry because they significantly affect project cost, productivity, and overall project performance. Residential construction projects in tourism-oriented regions such as Bali are particularly vulnerable to schedule deviations due to design changes, labor shortages, and coordination problems, which may reduce investment performance and operational readiness. Therefore, effective project acceleration strategies are required to minimize delays while maintaining cost efficiency. This study aims to analyze the time–cost trade-off resulting from project acceleration using the Precedence Diagram Method (PDM) and crashing techniques in the Brand New Modern Villa Berawa Canggu Project, Bali, Indonesia. The research employed a quantitative descriptive approach using primary and secondary project data, including work schedules, labor productivity, overtime wages, and project cost data. PDM analysis was conducted using Microsoft Project to identify critical activities, followed by crashing analysis through overtime work and additional labor allocation. The results indicate that project acceleration successfully reduced the project duration from 413 calendar days to 392 calendar days, resulting in a total time efficiency of 21 days.

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