Impact of diversification strategy on organizational performance in manufacturing firms in Nigeria

https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v8n6.1949

Authors

  • Emmnuella Clinton Department of Business Administration and Marketing, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
  • C. G.E Salami Department of Business Administration and Marketing, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria

Keywords:

diversification, geographical performance in manufacturing, strategy

Abstract

This study investigated the impact of the Diversification Strategy on Organizational Performance in Manufacturing Firms in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study are to ascertain the effect of the measures of Diversification Strategy, namely; Product Diversification (PD), and Geographical Diversification (GD), The data was collected through the aid of 5-Likert scale structured question from the respondents that comprised a sample size of one hundred and twelve (112) respondents. The Data collected from the questionnaire was coded using the Excel spreadsheet and entered into Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) for analysis using descriptive statistics and presented using inferential statistics where the test for significance, direction, and strength of the relationship was established. Inferential statistics such as correlation analysis were used to discover if two variables are related and the hypotheses of the study were tested using multiple regressions. The findings revealed that Product Diversification (PD) and Geographical Diversification (GD), has a significant relationship with Organizational Performance (ORGP). Based on the findings, the study concluded that there is a significant relationship between Diversification Strategy and Organizational Performance in manufacturing firms. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aftab, M., Ehsan, R., Naseer, S., & Awan, T. (2012). The effect of corporate strategy and capital structure on performance of banking sector of Pakistan. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 12(17).

Aggarwal, R. K., & Samwick, A. A. (2003). Why do managers diversify their firms? Agency reconsidered. The Journal of Finance, 58(1), 71-118.

Akewushola, R. (2015). Performance effectiveness and related product marketing diversification strategy in Nigerian companies: Information and communication technology as virile tool. Journal of policy and Development Studies, 9(2), 211-218.

Amir, R., Diamantoudi, E., & Xue, L. (2009). Merger performance under uncertain efficiency gains. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 27(2), 264-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2008.08.006

Anderson, A. (2007). All guts, no glory: Trading and diversification among online investors. European Financial Management, 13(3), 448-471.

Andrade, G., Mitchell, M., & Stafford, E. (2001). New evidence and perspectives on mergers. Journal of economic perspectives, 15(2), 103-120.

Andreu, R., Claver, E., & Quer, D. (2009). Type of diversification and firm resources: New empirical evidence from the Spanish tourism industry. International Journal of Tourism Research, 11(3), 229-239.

Ansoff, H. I. (1957). Strategies for diversification. Harvard business review, 35(5), 113-124.

Arasa, S. O. (2014). Diversification strategy and perfomance of Kenya Commercial Bank Group (Doctoral dissertation, University Of Nairobi).

Armstrong, G., & Kotler, P. (2008). Marketing: An Introduction, Student Value Edition. Prentice Hall.

Bany-Ariffin, A. N., Matemilola, B. T., Wahid, L., & Abdullah, S. (2016). International diversification and firm’s value: evidence from developing nations. Review of international Business and Strategy.

Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management, 17(1), 99-120.

Barney, J. B., Ketchen Jr, D. J., & Wright, M. (2011). The future of resource-based theory: revitalization or decline?. Journal of management, 37(5), 1299-1315.

Besanko, D., Dranove, D., Shanley, M., & Schaefer, S. (2009). Economics of strategy. John Wiley & Sons.

Bozarth, C. C., Warsing, D. P., Flynn, B. B., & Flynn, E. J. (2009). The impact of supply chain complexity on manufacturing plant performance. Journal of operations management, 27(1), 78-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2008.07.003

Capar, N., & Kotabe, M. (2003). The relationship between international diversification and performance in service firms. Journal of international business studies, 34(4), 345-355.

Chakravarty, S. R. (1998). Efficient horizontal mergers. journal of economic theory, 82(1), 277-289. https://doi.org/10.1006/jeth.1998.2417

Charles, A., Mesagan, E., & Saibu, M. (2018). RESOURCE ENDOWMENT AND EXPORT DIVERSIFICATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR GROWTH IN NIGERIA. Studies in Business & Economics, 13(1).

Chatterjee, S., & Wernerfelt, B. (1991). The link between resources and type of diversification: Theory and evidence. Strategic management journal, 12(1), 33-48.

Chen, C. J., & Yu, C. M. J. (2012). Managerial ownership, diversification, and firm performance: Evidence from an emerging market. International Business Review, 21(3), 518-534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2011.06.002

Christensen, J. F., & Foss, N. J. (1997). Dynamic corporate coherence and competence-based competition: Theoretical foundations and strategic implications. Competence-based strategic management. Chichester: Wiley, 287-312.

Coase, R. H. (1937). The nature of the firm. economica, 4(16), 386-405.

Coviello, N. E., & Martin, K. A. M. (1999). Internationalization of service SMEs: an integrated perspective from the engineering consulting sector. Journal of International Marketing, 7(4), 42-66.

David, F. R. (2013). Strategic management, concept and cases. London.(GB).

Day, G. S., & Nedungadi, P. (1994). Managerial representations of competitive advantage. Journal of marketing, 58(2), 31-44.

Denis, D. J., Denis, D. K., & Yost, K. (2002). Global diversification, industrial diversification, and firm value. The journal of Finance, 57(5), 1951-1979.

Dhandapani, K., & Upadhyayula, R. S. (2015). Two paths to diversification: Performance implications of related diversification across two dimensions in professional service firms. International Journal of Emerging Markets.

Dobashi, I., Fallon, F. C., Eizmendi, M., Loureiro, K., Matchett, R., & Raquet, B. (1999). The value chain for poultry. Pacific Basin Economic Council Working Committee on Food Prodcuts. Working Paper.

Elango, B., Ma, Y. L., & Pope, N. (2008). An investigation into the diversification–performance relationship in the US property–liability insurance industry. Journal of Risk and Insurance, 75(3), 567-591.

Eukeria, M., & Favourate, S. (2014). Diversification as a corporate strategy and its effect on firm performance: A study of Zimbabwean listed conglomerates in the food and beverages sector. International Journal of economics and Finance, 6(5), 182-195.

Fan, J. P., & Lang, L. H. (2000). The measurement of relatedness: An application to corporate diversification. The Journal of Business, 73(4), 629-660.

Fatemeh, D., Mohammad, B., Mona, A., & Leila, T. (2015). A Study of Corporate Diversification on Firm Performance & Risk: Evidence from Tehran Stock Exchange. Technical Journal of Engineering & Applied Sciences, 3(21), 2951-2958.

Fauver, L., Houston, J., & Naranjo, A. (2003). Capital market development, international integration, legal systems, and the value of corporate diversification: A cross-country analysis. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 38(1), 135-158.

Ghoshal, S., & Moran, P. (1996). Bad for practice: A critique of the transaction cost theory. Academy of management Review, 21(1), 13-47.

Granovetter, M. (1985). Economic action and social structure: The problem of embeddedness. American journal of sociology, 91(3), 481-510.

Harrigan, K. R. (1984). Formulating vertical integration strategies. Academy of management review, 9(4), 638-652.

Harrigan, K. R. (1985). Vertical integration and corporate strategy. Academy of Management journal, 28(2), 397-425.

Harrigan, K. R. (2012). The synergy limitation paradox. Columbia Business School Research Paper, (15-15).

Hasby, H., Buyung, S., & Hasbudin, S. (2017). The effect of organization size and diversification on capital structure and organization value (study in manufacturing sector in Indonesia Stock Exchange). The International Journal of Engineering and Science, 6(6), 50-61.

Hitt, M. A., Hoskisson, R. E., & Kim, H. (1997). International diversification: Effects on innovation and firm performance in product-diversified firms. Academy of Management journal, 40(4), 767-798.

Holcomb, T. R., Holmes, R. M., & Hitt, M. A. (2006). Diversification to achieve scale and scope: The strategic implications of resource management for value creation. In Ecology and strategy. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Ibrahim, Y. M., Ibrahim, A. M., & Kabir, B. (2009). Geographic diversification, performance, and the risk profile of UK construction firms. Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology.

Jensen, M. C. (1986). Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers. The American economic review, 76(2), 323-329.

Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of financial economics, 3(4), 305-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X

Jiraporn, P., Kim, Y. S., & Davidson III, W. N. (2008). Multiple directorships and corporate diversification. Journal of Empirical Finance, 15(3), 418-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2007.07.002

Johanson, J., & Mattsson, L. G. (1987). Interorganizational relations in industrial systems: a network approach compared with the transaction-cost approach. International Studies of Management & Organization, 17(1), 34-48.

Johnson, G., Whittington, R., & Scholes, K. (2006). Exploring corporate strategy: enhanced media edition. FT Prentice Hall.

Jones, G. (1998). Don't throw the baby out with the bathwater: A positive interpretation of transaction cost theory. (Working Paper).

Joskow, P. L. (1988). Asset specificity and the structure of vertical relationships: empirical evidence. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 4(1), 95-117.

Karimi, D. G. (2013). Relationship between investment portfolio choice and profitability of investment companies listed in the Nairobi Securities Exchange. Unpublished Project, Kenyatta University.

Kim, K. H., Al-Shammari, H. A., Kim, B., & Lee, S. H. (2009). CEO duality leadership and corporate diversification behavior. Journal of Business Research, 62(11), 1173-1180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.10.017

Kimani, C. W., Wagoki, J., & Okello, B. (2016). Use of integration strategy on competitive performance of rabbit meat production firms in Kenya. International Journal of Science and Research, 5(4), 928-935.

Kostova, T., & Zaheer, S. (1999). Organizational legitimacy under conditions of complexity: The case of the multinational enterprise. Academy of Management review, 24(1), 64-81.

Kothari, A. (2014). Radical ecological democracy: a path forward for India and beyond. Development, 57(1), 36-45.

Krivokapi?, R., Njegomir, V., & Stoji?, D. (2017). Effects of corporate diversification on firm performance: evidence from the Serbian insurance industry. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 30(1), 1224-1236.

La Rocca, M., La Rocca, T., & Vidal, F. J. S. (2018). Multibusiness firms and performance in Italy. What role does relatedness play?. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 24(2), 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2018.01.001

Lee, K. C., & Kwok, C. C. (1988). Multinational corporations vs. domestic corporations: International environmental factors and determinants of capital structure. Journal of International Business Studies, 19(2), 195-217.

Li, S. X., & Greenwood, R. (2004). The effect of within?industry diversification on firm performance: synergy creation, multi?market contact and market structuration. Strategic Management Journal, 25(12), 1131-1153.

Madhok, A. (1997). Cost, value and foreign market entry mode: The transaction and the firm. Strategic management journal, 18(1), 39-61.

Mailanyi, P. M. (2014). Effect of merger and acquisition on the financial performance of Oil Companies in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Nairobi).

Makarfi, Y. I. (2005). The impact of diversification on the performance of construction firms. Unpublished MSc. thesis submitted to the School of the Built Environment, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh.

Manyuru, A., Wachira, M., & Amata, E. (2017). The impact of corporate diversification on firm value in Kenya.

Marinelli, F. (2015). The Relationship between Diversification & Firm Performance: Is there causal? New York: Free Press.

Masulis, R. W., & Wang, C. Fei Xie. (2007). Corporate Governance and Acquirer Returns’, Journal of Finance, 62(4), 1851-1889.

Michael Geringer, J., Beamish, P. W., & DaCosta, R. C. (1989). Diversification strategy and internationalization: Implications for MNE performance. Strategic management journal, 10(2), 109-119.

Mitema, V. M. (2014). The effect of mergers and acquisitions on value creation of insurance companies in Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University Of Nairobi).

Montgomery, C. A. (1994). Corporate diversificaton. Journal of economic perspectives, 8(3), 163-178.

Montgomery, C. A., & Wernerfelt, B. (1988). Diversification, Ricardian rents, and Tobin's q. The Rand journal of economics, 623-632.

Mpoyi, R. T., & Bullington, K. E. (2004). Performance implications of changing vertical integration strategies. American Business Review, 22(1), 93.

Mulwa, J. M., & Kosgei, D. (2016). Commercial bank diversification and financial performance: The moderating role of risk.

Myers, S. C. (2001). Capital structure. Journal of Economic perspectives, 15(2), 81-102.

Njuguna, N. V. (2019). Influence of Diversification Strategies on Performance of Non-Financial Firms Listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange in Kenya. A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration at the Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture & Technology, Kenya.

Nneka, M., Anthony, K. A., & Ann, O. (2016). Effective management of intellectual capital and organizational performance on selected manufacturing firms in Nigeria. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 3(11), 22-32.

Nwakoby, N. P. & Ihediwa, A. (2018). Effect of Diversification on the Financial Performance of Selected Firms in Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research | Social & Management Sciences, 4(12), 1-16.

Nyaingiri, S., & Ogollah, K. (2015). Influence of Unrelated diversification strategy components on corporate performance: Case of Sameer Group in Kenya. Journal of Business and Management, 17(4), 78-83.

Obinne, U. G., Uchenna, A. W., Nonye, U. J., & Okelue, U. D. (2012). Impact of corporate diversification on the market value of firms: A study of deposit money banks Nigerian. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(8), 47-56.

Odiwo, W. O., Kifordu, A. A., Oboh, I., & Nneka, M. (2017). Business And Economics Development In Nigeria: The Lesson To Be Learnt.

Ogbo, A., Anthony, K. A., & Kosisochukwu, O. (2017). An assessment of hygiene maintenance factors effect on employees’ productivity in Nigerian telecommunication industry. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 4(1), 61-70.

Oladimeji, M. S., & Udosen, I. (2019). The effect of diversification strategy on organizational performance. Journal of Competitiveness, 11(4), 120.

Oloda, F. O. (2017). Vertical Integration Strategy and Organisational Survival in Manufacturing firms in Port Harcourt, Rivers state, Nigeria. International Journal of Advanced research, 3(1), 36-43.

Oyedijo, A. (2012). Effects of product–market diversification strategy on corporate financial performance and growth: An empirical study of some companies in Nigeria. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(3), 199-210.

Oyewobi, L. O., Windapo, A. O., & Cattell, K. S. (2013). Impact of business diversification on South African construction companies' corporate performance. Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction.

Pearce, J. A., & Robinson, R. B. (2010). Strategic management: Analysis, implementation and control.

Penrose, E., & Penrose, E. T. (2009). The Theory of the Growth of the Firm. Oxford university press.

Phung, D. N., & Mishra, A. V. (2016). Corporation diversification and firm performance: Evidence from Vietnamese listed firms. Australian Economic Papers, 55(4), 386-408.

Prahalad, C. K. (1990). en G. Hamel, The core competence of the corporation. Harvard Business Review, 68(3), 79-91.

Priem, R. L., & Butler, J. E. (2001). Is the resource-based “view” a useful perspective for strategic management research?. Academy of management review, 26(1), 22-40.

Purkayastha, S., Manolova, T. S., & Edelman, L. F. (2012). Diversification and performance in developed and emerging market contexts: A review of the literature. International journal of management reviews, 14(1), 18-38.

Ravichandran, A., & Bhaduri, S. (2015). Diversification and firm performance: A study of Indian manufacturing firms.

Rehber, E. (1998). Vertical integration in agriculture and contract farming (No. 1299-2016-102484).

Rumelt, R. P. (1982). Diversification strategy and profitability. Strategic management journal, 3(4), 359-369.

Sambharya, R. B. (1995). The combined effect of international diversification and product diversification strategies on the performance of US-based multinational corporations. MIR: Management International Review, 197-218.

Schommer, M., Richter, A., & Karna, A. (2019). Does the diversification–firm performance relationship change over time? A meta?analytical review. Journal of Management Studies, 56(1), 270-298.

Serdar Dinc, I., & Erel, I. (2013). Economic nationalism in mergers and acquisitions. The Journal of Finance, 68(6), 2471-2514.

Sindhu, M., Haz, E., Ali, S., & Ali, M. (2014). Impact of diversification on the organizations performance: An evidence from Pakistan. European Journal of Business Management, 6(4), 106-111.

Stern, I., & Henderson, A. D. (2004). Within?business diversification in technology?intensive industries. Strategic Management Journal, 25(5), 487-505.

Su, W., & Tsang, E. W. (2015). Product diversification and financial performance: The moderating role of secondary stakeholders. Academy of Management Journal, 58(4), 1128-1148.

Sudarsanam, S. (2003). Creating value from mergers and acquisitions: The challenges: An integrated and international perspective. Pearson Education.

Sulaimon, A. A., Ogunkoya, O. A., Lasisi, J. O., & Shobayo, P. B. (2015). The impact of marketing capability and diversification strategy on performance. Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research, 20(13), 50-59.

Thomas, D. E. (2006). International diversification and firm performance in Mexican firms: a curvilinear relationship?. Journal of Business Research, 59(4), 501-507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.08.008

Thompson, A. A., & Strickland, A. J. (2006). Strategic management: concepts and situations for analysis. Strategicheskij menedzhment: koncepcii i situacii dlja analiza"], trans. from English, Arthur A. Thompson Jr., AJ Strickland, 12th ed., M. Williams, 928 p.

Thompson, A., Peteraf, M., Gamble, J., Strickland III, A. J., & Jain, A. K. (2013). Crafting & executing strategy 19/e: The quest for competitive advantage: Concepts and cases. McGraw-Hill Education.

Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource?based view of the firm. Strategic management journal, 5(2), 171-180.

Whyte, G. (1994). The role of asset specificity in the vertical integration decision. Journal of economic behavior & organization, 23(3), 287-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(94)90003-5

Wilfred, M., Bernard, O., & George, G. E. (2014). An analysis of concentric diversification strategy on organization competitiveness: Case of sugar firms in Kenya. European Journal of Business and Management, 6(19), 175-180.

Williamson, O. (1985). OThe Economic Institutions of Capitalism.

Williamson, O. E. (1975). Markets and hierarchies: analysis and antitrust implications: a study in the economics of internal organization. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship.

Williamson, O. E. (1979). Transaction-cost economics: the governance of contractual relations. The journal of Law and Economics, 22(2), 233-261.

Williamson, O. E. (1988). Corporate finance and corporate governance. The journal of finance, 43(3), 567-591.

Williamson, O. E., & Ouchi, W. G. (1981). The markets and hierarchies and visible hand perspectives. Perspectives on organization design and behavior, 347-370.

Wu, D., Wu, X. B., & Zhou, H. J. (2012). International expansion and firm performance in emerging market: evidence from China. Chinese Management Studies.

Yi?it, ?., & Tür, ?. (2012). Relationship between diversification strategy applications and organizational performance according to Herfindahl Index criteria. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 118-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.985

Yücel, E., & Önal, Y. B. (2016). Industrial diversification and performance in an emerging market. Panoeconomicus, 63(4), 441-454.

Yuliani, Y., Hadiwidjojo, H. D., Sudarma, M. S., & Solimun, S. M. (2013). Diversification Linkage Model and Firm Performance: A Literature Review. International Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences, 3(1), 36-42.

Published

2021-10-21

How to Cite

Clinton, E., & Salami, C. G. (2021). Impact of diversification strategy on organizational performance in manufacturing firms in Nigeria. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 8(6), 589–604. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v8n6.1949

Issue

Section

Peer Review Articles